• For a list of 1950-1999 rail accidents, see List of 1950-1999 rail accidents.
  • For a list of post-2000 rail accidents, see List of rail accidents (2000–present).

Pre 1830

1815

  • England 1815, July 15 – Philadelphia, Co Durham, England: 16 people, mainly spectators, killed by the boiler explosion of the experimental locomotive "Brunton's Mechanical Traveller". {Also reported as 13 killed. See }

1821

  • England December 5, 1821 - David Brook, a carpenter, is walking home from Leeds along the Middleton Railway in a sleet storm when he is run over, with fatal results, by the steam engine of a coal train. This is the first case of a person being killed in a railway collision.

1827

  • England 1827 - An unnamed woman from Eaglescliffe, Teesside, England (believed to have been a blind beggar woman) is "killed by the steam machine on the railway". This is also said to be the first case of a person being killed in a railway collision.

1828

  • England 1828 - Locomotion No 1's boiler explodes killing the driver.

1830s

1830

  • England September 15, 1830 – Newton-le-willows, England: William Huskisson becomes first widely-reported passenger train death. Killed by Stephenson's Rocket at the opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway.
  • United States December 1830 – Maryland, United States: On the Baltimore & Ohio the driver of a crowded horse-drawn coach falls from his seat and is killed beneath the wheels, the first fatal accident on a railroad in the US.

1831

  • United States June 17, 1831 – Charleston, South Carolina, United States: After the pressure safety valve is tied down by the train's fireman, the Best Friend of Charleston suffers a boiler explosion, killing him, scalding the engineer, and injuring three others. The locomotive was the first engine of the South Carolina Canal and Railroad Company.

1832

  • United States July 25, 1832 – Quincy, Massachusetts, United States: A cable snaps on an incline of the Granite Railway, killing one tourist from Cuba and injuring three other visitors to the railway.

1833

  • United States November 11, 1833 – Hightstown, New Jersey, United States: Carriages of a Camden & Amboy train derail at 25 miles per hour in the New Jersey countryside between Spotswood and Hightstown when an axle breaks on a car due to an overheated journal. One car overturns, killing two and injuring fifteen. Among the survivors is Cornelius Vanderbilt who will later head the New York Central Railroad. He suffers two cracked ribs and a punctured lung, and spends a month recovering from the injuries. Uninjured in the coach ahead is former U.S. President John Quincy Adams, who continues on to the Nation's Capital the next day.

1837

  • United States August 11, 1837 – Suffolk, Virginia, United States: First head-on collision to result in passenger fatalities occurs on the Portsmouth and Roanoke Railroad near Suffolk when an eastbound lumber train coming down a grade at speed rounds a sharp curve and smashes into the morning passenger train from Portsmouth, Virginia. First three of thirteen stagecoach-style cars are smashed, killing three daughters of the prominent Ely family and injuring dozens of the 200 on board. They were returning from a steamboat cruise when the accident happened. An engraving depicting the moment of impact was published in Howland's "Steamboat Disasters and Railroad Accidents" in 1840.

1838

  • England August 7, 1838 – Harrow, Middlesex, England: From a memorial in the parish churchyard of Harrow-on-the-Hill, "To the memory of Thomas Port, son of John Port of Burton-upon-Trent in the County of Stafford, Hat Manufacturer, who near this town had both legs severed from his body by the railway train. With great fortitude he bore a second amputation by the surgeons and died from loss of blood, August 7th 1838, aged 33 years."

1840s

1840

  • England August 7, 1840 – Howden rail crash, England: five passengers killed when casting fell from wagon and derailed carriages.

1841

  • England December 24, 1841 – Sonning Cutting, England: nine passengers killed and seventeen injured when a Paddington to Bristol train ran into a landslide caused by heavy rain. The extent of the casualties in this accident called into question the practice of mixing passenger and freight wagons in fast trains. The dead were stone masons travelling in open wagons, so had no protection from either accidents or the weather, and the accident led to a public outcry, and new legislation which insisted on better carriages for passengers.

1842

  • France Versailles rail accident May 8, 1842 – Meudon (Versailles), France: Following the King's fete celebrations at the Palace of Versailles, a train returning to Paris crashed at Meudon after the leading locomotive broke an axle, the train derailled and caught fire. 55 passengers were trapped in the carriages and killed, including the explorer Jules Dumont d'Urville. This led to the abandonment of the then-common practice of locking passengers in their carriages in France. This was the first really major world railway disaster, usually referred to as the Versailles train crash.

1844

  • England November 21, 1844 – Beeston, Nottinghamshire, England: Midland Railway Two trains collided in thick fog. Two people died shortly afterwards from their injuries. Between 15 and 20 other persons were injured.

1847

  • England May 24, 1847 – Chester, England: Five passengers killed and many injured when a Chester to Ruabon train crashed 36 feet (11 m) into the River Dee following the collapse of a bridge. One of the girders carrying train had cracked in the middle and gave way, with most of the train ending up in the river below. The engine and tender managed to reach the other side of the bridge. The accident is important because the bridge was engineered by Robert Stephenson, and his reputation was questioned. The Dee bridge disaster led to a re-evaluation of the use of cast-iron in railway bridges, and many new bridges

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