Replicas of the Jewish Temple are efforts to replicate, as small models or large buildings, all or part of the biblical Tabernacle, the Temple of Solomon, Second Temple and Herod's Temple in Jerusalem.
Scale models
Constructing models of the Temple has been a popular activity for many centuries.
In the seventeenth century Rabbi Jacob Judah Leon of Amsterdam (1602- 1675) drew wide attention with his widely-exhibited model of the Temple and treatise on its specifications. Another notable model was constructed by Gerhard Schott ( born in Hamburg 1641, and died 1702.) Schott's model is still displayed in the hamburgmuseum in Hamburg.
Conrad Schick constructed a notable series of Replicas of the Jewish Temple. His replica of the biblical Tabernacle was visited in Jerusalem by several crowned heads of state, toured the United Kingdom, and was exhibited at the 1873 Vienna World's Fair. It was purchased by the King of Wurttemberg, who awarded Schick a knighthood in recognition of his work. Schick built a replica of the contemporary Temple Mount and Dome of the Rock for the Ottoman Sultan. His final model, in four sections, each representing the Temple Mount as it appeared in a particular era, was exhibited at the St. Louis World's Fair of 1904. A scale model existed at the Chachmei Lublin Yeshiva, but was destroyed during World War II. Two of Schick's models are located in the basement of the Schmidt school for girls in east Jerusalem, near Nablus gate.
Museums that display notable Temple models include the Bijbels Museum ("Biblical Museum") in Amsterdam, the Israel Museum in Jerusalem, which now houses the model of Jerusalem in the Late 2nd Temple Period originally constructed by archeologist Michael Avi-Yonah at the Holyland hotel, and the Yeshiva University Museum in Manhattan which has a model by archaeological architect Leen Ritmeyer. The North Visitors' Center at Temple Square, in Salt Lake City, Utah has a scale model of Jerusalem as it may have looked at the time of Christ.
Alec Garrard of Norfolk, UK, worked for 30 years creating a 1:100 scale model of Herod's Temple. His model has been recognised as the most authentic version of the temple in the world.
Palestine Park on the grounds of Chautauqua Institution in Chautauqua, New York has a small replica of the temple, part of a living topographical map of the Holy Land, complete with the Sea of Galilee, the Jordan River, and the Dead Sea. Lake Chautauqua stands in for the Mediterranean Sea.
Replicas
The Holy Land Experience is a Christian Theme Park in Orlando, Florida that features a large replica of Herod's Temple inside the walls of a replica of the Jerusalem of Jesus' day.
Replicas of the desert tabernacle
The Glencairn Museum in Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania a replica dating from 1922. The Mennonite Information Center in Lancaster, Pennsylvania had a replica dating form the 1940s.
In Israel, Timna Valley Park and Kibbutz Almog feature full-scale replicas.
Interiors
Solomon's Temple is central to Freemasonry, which holds that the first three Grand Masters were King Solomon, King Hiram I of Tyre, and Hiram Abiff - the craftsman/architect who built the temple. Masonic initiation rites include the reenactment of a scene set on the Temple Mount while it was under construction. Every Masonic Lodge, therefore, is a replica of the Temple for the duration of the degree, and possesses ritual objects representing the architecture of the Temple. These may either be built in to the hall or be portable. Among the most prominent are replicas of the pillars Boaz and Jachin through which every initiate has to pass.
Buildings intended to evoke the Temple
A number of churches and synagogues have been designed to evoke the Temple. The most notable is the Escorial Palace Monastery in Spain (1563-1584), by architect Juan Bautista de Toledo. The central axis reveals a pattern of courtyard, sanctuary, Holy of Holies.. The 1906 building of Temple Israel (Boston, Massachusetts) was intended to be a replica of the Temple. The Church of St. Polyeuctus in Constantinople was built with the precise proportions given in the Bible for the Temple of Solomon.
The Book of Mormon claims that some of the Jews who fled from Jerusalem when the Temple was destroyed by the in 586 BCE fled to America, where they built a new temple "after the manner of the Temple of Solomon." All Mormon temples are evocations of the Temple of Solomon. The Salt Lake Temple of the The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is oriented towards Jerusalem and the large basin used as a baptismal font is mounted on the backs of twelve oxen,as was the brazen sea of Solomon's Temple. The Mesa Arizona Temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is suggestive of the second temple built by King Herod.
The 1909 building of the Herzliya Hebrew High School in Tel Aviv, designed by Joseph Barsky, was intended to evoke Solomon's Temple following a widely circulated reconstruction of the temple by Charles Chipiez. The Mishkan Shilo synagogue i in Shilo, Mateh Binyamin is designed as a replica of the Tabernacle.
Replicas of the Temple in the form of the Dome of the Rock
It was long believed by Europeans that the Dome of the Rock had been built as an architectural replica of the Temple. A number of buildings were designed as replicas of the Temple in the shape of the Dome of the Rock. These include the octagonal, fifteenth-century Church of St. Giacomo in Italy, and the octagonal, nineteenth-century Moorish Revival style Rumbach Street synagogue in Budapest. Perugino's Marriage of the Virgin (Perugino) and Raphael's painting, The Marriage of the Virgin (Raphael) show the Temple as a Renaissance version of the Dome of the Rock.
References
- ^ Al L. Shane, Jacob Judah Leon of Amsterdam (1602-1675) and his models of the Temple of Solomon and the Tabernacle, Ars Quatuor Coronatorum , 96, 1983, pp. 145-169
- ^ The Temple of Jerusalem By Simon Goldhill, Harvard University Press, 2005, p. 140
- ^ Simon Goldhill, The Temple of Jerusalem, Harvard University Press, 129
- ^ H. Goren and R. Rubin, "Conrad Schick's Models of Jerusalem and its Monuments", PEQ 128 (1996), pp. 103-124
- ^ http://www.cjh.org/programs/exhibitionarchive.php?action=show&id=57
- ^ http://www.lds.org/placestovisit/location/0,10634,1881-1-1-1,00.html
- ^ A model of biblical proportions: man spends 30 years creating a model of Herod's Temple
- ^ Pensioner spends 30 years building amazing model of Herod's Temple ... but admits he won't be around to finish it
- ^ Imagining the Holy Land: maps, models, and fantasy travels By Burke O. Long, Indiana University Press, 2002, pp. 28 ff.
- ^ Constructing sacred space in Orlando’s Holy Land Experience theme park
- ^ http://www.glencairnmuseum.org/
- ^ http://www.mennoniteinfoctr.com/tabncle.html
- ^ Rising up; Tabernacle replica in Gordonville fixed after storm, Lancaster New Era Lancaster, :June 15, 2002,: Joan Kern
- ^ http://www.bibleplaces.com/tabernacle.htm
- ^ Jewish Journal, July 14, 2005, Hit Biblical Jackpot at Timna’s Mines, Lisa Alcalay Klug
- ^ The Tabernacle - Shadows of the Messiah: Its Sacrifices, Services, and Priesthood, David M. Levy, Kregel Publications, 2003, p. 91
- ^ James Stevens Curl, The Art and Architecture of Freemasonry, Overlook Press, New York, 1991, 56 -62
- ^ Juan Rafael de la Cuadra Blanco (2005). «King Philip of Spain as Solomon the Second. The origins of Solomonism of the Escorial in the Netherlands», en The Seventh Window. The King's Window donated by Phillip II and Mary Tudor to Sint Janskerk (1557), p. 169-180 (concept & editing Wim de Groot, Verloren Publishers, Hilversum ed.). ISBN 90-6550-822-8. ...
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