3D Monster Maze (not to be confused with 3-Demon , also known as Monster Maze ) is a computer game developed by Malcolm Evans in 1981 for the Sinclair ZX81 platform with the 16 KB memory expansion. The game was initially released by J. K. Greye Software in early 1982 and re-released later the same year by Evans' own startup, New Generation Software. Rendered using low-resolution character block "graphics", it was the first 3D game for a home computer.
3D Monster Maze puts the player in a maze with one exit and a hostile monster, the Tyrannosaurus rex . There, the player must traverse the maze, from the first-person perspective, and escape through the exit without being eaten.
New Generation Software went on to become a well-known software firm with the Sinclair platform and continued to pioneer the 3D gaming technology for ZX81 and the later model Sinclair ZX Spectrum. The press immediately gave the game a title of a "firm favourite" of the ZX81 users. Decades later, it became popular with the retrogaming community, inspiring remakes and fueling ZX81 emulation projects.
Gameplay
The game uses a 16 by 16 cell maze which is randomly generated. Initially the T. rex lies in wait. Once the player starts moving, the beast begins hunting. Thereafter, the T. rex may either calm down (if the player goes into a part of the maze that is far enough away), or become more active as the player comes closer. If the T. rex gets a direct view of its prey, the monster will run directly at the player.
The T. rex anxiety level, reported to the player as a statement in the status line, provides an indirect clue to the player's relative distance from the monster. These statements are: REX LIES IN WAIT , followed by HE IS HUNTING FOR YOU , FOOTSTEPS APPROACHING , REX HAS SEEN YOU , and RUN! HE IS BESIDE YOU or RUN! HE IS BEHIND YOU . The player's speed is faster than the monster's, thus it is possible to escape by running (unless the player is trapped in a dead end). The player can manually map the maze on a piece of paper with each step, but this becomes increasingly difficult as the pace increases. The fast pace can also lead to hard keyboard presses, which, in turn, can shake the computer/16K memory expansion connection, and lead to a sudden reset with several minutes worth reload time.
Points are awarded for each step made by the player any time the dinosaur is on an active hunt. Since the player runs faster than the monster, it is possible to accumulate points by running around in circles with the monster just a few steps behind. Points are also given upon successfully getting away through an exit and into another maze.
When the game ends, the player is informed about being "sentenced to roam the maze forever", and then can either "appeal" or continue playing again in the last maze. If the appeal is attempted, it is rejected with 50% probability, in which case the player is sent back to roam the previous maze again. An appeal which is accepted effectively results in the computer self-reset via BASIC's
NEWstatement.Development
3D Monster Maze was the first game designed and developed by Malcolm Evans. He worked in the aerospace industry, first in aircraft design, and then as a microprocessor scientist at Sperry Gyroscope at Bristol, United Kingdom. He received a ZX81 from his wife for his thirty-seventh birthday in April 1981. Malcolm developed the game to test what the computer was capable of, and completed it by November. Friends persuaded Malcolm that the game was of high enough quality to sell and it was eventually released by J.K. Greye Software in February 1982.
When soon after that the Bristol branch of Sperry Gyroscope closed, Malcolm made a decision to concentrate fully on computer gaming. The firm New Generation Software he had founded kept producing 3D games for the Sinclair Research computers, and became synonymous with 3D gaming on this platform for some time. Some of his games were hailed by the gaming scene, but some titles occasionally drew criticism from reviewers for their fancy graphics but poor game plot. After releasing 3D Defender and Breakout for the ZX81, Malcolm switched the development efforts from ZX81 to ZX Spectrum as the latter model hit the market. In addition to republishing the 3D Monster Maze , the new firm also released such game titles as Escape , 3D Tunnel , Knot in 3D , Corridors of Genon , Trashman and Travel with Trashman , Light Magic , Jonah Barrington's Squash , The Custard Kid and Cliff Hanger .
Impact
The game had a significant impact on home computer gaming, as it brought in the three-dimensional graphics and the first-person perspective. This made it a landmark game in the history of computer and video games, a first both on a home computer and on the ZX81 at the same time.
Landmark 3D games for other platforms that came before 3D Monster Maze were Atari's Battlezone (1980), an arcade 3D video game built with specialized vector graphics hardware, and its predecessor Spasim (1974), running on graphical terminals of a big multi-user university computer. Star Raiders , a space game for the Atari 8-bit family of computers was released in 1979. It featured a moving star field effect, creating an illusion of 3D. However, no actual 3D scene rendering took place in that game; single frames gave no feeling of depth.
While some sources consider 3D Monster Maze to be the original first-person shooter home/personal computer game, this is somewhat incorrect, as the player does not shoot or otherwise interact with the environment outside of navigation. The game is better described as a first-person adventure. A true 3D first-person shooter personal computer game was not created until nine years later— Hovertank 3D (1991), a predecessor of Wolfenstein 3D and Doom .
Reception
The game was sold domestically in the UK and overseas, and became a hit shortly after it was released:
Contemporary reviews described it as "3D Monster Maze, is the best game I have seen for the Sincair ZX81." and "Brilliant, brilliant, brilliant! Straight away this gets into my personal top ten ZX Programs ... Undoubtedly one of the best ZX programs available."
Even though it did not use the undocumented hi-res graphics feature of the ZX81, and rendered the scene with pseudo-graphics characters (available in the standard ZX81 character set), the game was considered to be a remarkable achievement, utilising the machine's capabilities to its best:
Pretty soon, however, the Sinclair platform users began switching over to the newer ZX Spectrum, which had better graphics resolution and color, bigger RAM and ROM, as well as sound capability and a sleeker look and feel. Some people still continued to use their ZX81, and even the Spectrum users gave credit to 3D Monster Maze as the game that brought the 3D aspect into the home computer gaming:
Monster Maze's praises brought recognition to Malcolm Evans and his firm, New Generation Software, which continued releasing further games that further improved the 3D gaming experience. Even when later hit games by N.G.S., such as Trashman , were covered by the gaming media reviews, 3D Monster Maze was remembered as the landmark impressive start:
Decades later, with the ZX81 games played mostly in emulated environments by the retrogaming community, it still fetches enthusiastic reviews, even while modern high-end gaming consoles and home computers provide much richer capabilities for one's immersion into a first-person 3D game:
Technology
The graphical view, animated in real time at around 6 frames per second, is composed of 8×8 pixel black-and-white characters, so the view is roughly square, taking a 25×24 area on the 32×24 text screen. Sub-character resolution of the ZX81 pseudo-graphics character set makes the resolution doubled in each dimension (making the view consist of 50×48 "larger pixels"). Using the 6 pseudo-graphics with a dithering pattern also made it possible for the game author to incorporate a third color (gray) in the black-and-white picture. Part of the screen is reserved for the score count, and a one-line status message is occasionally overlaid at the bottom of the graphical view. The player always runs along the corridor's centerline, and looks in the current direction only, which simplifies the rendering task.
The game's 3D engine and the random maze creation code is written in Z80 machine code, produced with an assembler. This is augmented by several dozen BASIC lines for less critical tasks, such as the initial greetings and the game legend animation inter-line delay. The machine
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3D Monster Maze - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
3D Monster Maze (not to be confused with 3-Demon, also known as Monster Maze) is a computer game developed by Malcolm Evans in 1981 for the Sinclair ZX81 platform with the 16 KB ...
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3D Monster Maze
Developer(s) Malcolm Evans: Publisher(s) J.K. Greye Software: Release date(s) 1982: Genre(s) 3D first-person adventure: Mode(s) single player: Platform(s) Sinclair ZX81
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Hi All, here's a quick remake of the classic ZX81 game 3D Monster Maze. just maze generator to do, then it's finished. but I thought I'd let you see it in action so far.