Rede Globo (English: Globo Network , better known as TV Globo , Globo TV or simply Globo ) is a Brazilian television network, owned by media conglomerate Organizações Globo, the largest of its companies. The network is currently the largest in the Latin America and the fourth largest in the world, just behind the U.S. networks ABC, CBS and NBC, being watched by 120 million people daily.
Globo is headquartered in the Jardim Botânico neighborhood of Rio de Janeiro, where its news division is based. The network's main production studios are located at a complex dubbed Projac (in Portuguese "Projeto Jacarepaguá"), located in Jacarepaguá, Rio's western area. In 2007, Globo moved their analogue operations to a purpose-built high-definition television production in digital broadcasting. It is composed of 121 owned and affiliate television stations throughout Brazil plus its own international networks, Globo Television International and Rede Globo Portugal (Network Globo Portugal).
History
Birth and early years (1957-69)
In July 1957,President of Brazil Juscelino Kubitschek gave the approval to Radio Globo's television concession request, and on December 30 that year, the Brazilian National Council of Telecommunications made public the council's decree that TV Globo Ltda. was given the Channel 4 frequency in Rio de Janeiro to prepare the beginning of its television broadcasting operations.
In 1962, a controversial agreement between Time-Life and Organizações Globo, Roberto Marinho's holding company, gave Marinho access to some $6 million with which he could buy equipment and build an infra-structure for Globo to begin its television service. In return, Time-Life would be entitled to 30% of all profits from Globo's TV operations. As a point of comparison, the largest TV station in Brazil at the time, TV Tupi, had been built for around $300,000 when it was launched in 1950, Latin America and Brazil's first television network which was one of the network's future competitors. Its other competing networks were Rede Record, then on Channel 7 in Sao Paulo together with Rede Paulista, its future branch station, Rede Exclesior, broadcasting on Channel 9 in that city and Channel 2 in Rio de Janiero, where Tupi also had a station (Tupi Channel 4), and TV Cultura (Culture TV), also in Sao Paulo under the Diarios Associadas group together with Rede Tupi until 1968.
The agreement was widely seen as illegal, as the Brazilian constitution of the time prohibited any foreign person or company from owning an interest in a Brazilian media company. In trying to address the legal aspects, the agreement specifically mentioned that its terms did not give Time-Life or Time, Inc. the right to shares or to interfere in the management of Globo's operations. In practice Time-Life wielded great influence inside Globo: Joseph Wallach, the former director of Time-Life's TV station in California, became Globo's de facto executive director and Marinho's television assistant .Globo began its broadcast on April 26 , 1965 in Rio de Janeiro, then broadcasting on Channel 4. In 1966 it purchased another station, TV Paulista, based in São Paulo, expanding its operations, and beginning to take over the national television ratings.
On April 1 , 1964 , a year before Network Globo was opened, a military-led coup deposed the elected government of João Goulart. As the military reduced the democratic institutions of Brazil, it simultaneously sought to increase its hold over the media, especially the major entities. At the time, Marinho had been a supporter of the coup, but his deal with Time-Life was still being investigated by congress. The military decided against the deal, which ultimately allowed Marinho to get out of the deal under exceptional terms. In 1969, Marinho terminated the deal with Time-Life by agreeing to pay back the $6 million dollars invested over the next few years. This in effect meant that Marinho could repay the infra-structure provided by Time-Life and would no longer have the 30% profit-sharing obligation to Time-Life. Even through the deal was over, the network began to take over the national television leadership through its soap operas and variety shows. It also became famous with its Holy Mass broadcasts, begun in 1968, a year earlier, from its Sao Paulo studios, the same year when its branch station in Belo Horizonte, Network Globo Minas, was opened. Another network trademark was Jornal da Globo (Globo Journal) , the successor program to Ultranoticias (Ultranews) which ran from 1966-67, and the network's main newscast until 1969.
Jornal Nacional and the climb to full leadership of Brazilian television (1969-80 )
JN, Jornal Hoje and the Plim-plim signal
On September 1,1969, the country and national television broadcasting was changed with the premiere of Jornal Nacional ( National Journal ), the nation's first live newscast anchored by Cid Moreira and Hilton Gomez. It's theme music, The Fuzz by Frank DeVol, became one of the show's trademarks, together with the program logo and the "Boa Noite" greeting by the hosts. It's success was followed by the launch of Jornal Hoje ( Journal Today ) on April 21, 1971, the day when its Brasilia station (Network Globo Channel 10 Brasilia) was inaugurated. The program was then only shown in Network Globo 4 in Rio de Janeiro, the flagship station, until 1974 when it became a nationwide midday newscast. It had its first FIFA World Cup broadcast in 1970, the same year when Rede Exclesior was closed down, with the network absorbing some of its talents and top manangement. The network's famous Plim-Plim interval signal also debuted that year.
It began color television broadcasts in February 1972 on a national scale, the same year as Rede Bandeirantes did convert television broadcasts to color and 10 years after the first color telecasts in the country was launched by Rede Excelsior (And also the same year as the opening of its Recife station, Network Globo Recife 13, now Network Globo Northeast, on April 22), with the national color broadcasts being debuted on March 31 the same year as Meu Primeiro Baile , the first color integrated program on national television was shown on the network.
Before that, it launched its famous Christmas and New Year holiday campaign in December 1971, the campaign's theme song, Um Novo Tempo , is still used during its year-end station campaign plugs and identifications since then. It is also one of Brazil's great Christmas holiday songs. It was the same year on March 16 when the latenight edition of Jornal Nacional (called Jornal Nacional-Segunda Edicao, National Journal Second Edition ), hosted by Fabbio Perez and Ronan Soares, began broadcasting the entire day's headlines until 1982. Its 15-minute international version, Jornal Internacional ( International Journal ), anchored by Jorge Pontual and Sandra Passarinho, began airing in April 1972, lasting until 1975. It originally ran for 20 minutes during its first two years. It was replaced in 1975 by Amanha (Tomorrow), the network's local news roundup. Perez and Fabio Castilho hosted it until 1979.
1973 saw the birth of two new programs on the network, the documentary program Globo Reporter (formerly the Globo Shell Specials which ran from 1971-73), hosted by Sergio Chapelin, and Fantastico (Fantastico, O Show Da Vida, Fantastico, The Show of Life from 1974-77), then the network's weekly variety program from 1974 to 1993 when it became the network's weekly newsmagazine broadcast on Sundays, recognizable through its theme music and from 1973 to 1995, its ballet dancers. Cid Moreira anchored it until 1988, joined by Chapelin during its early days (Moreira is presently the program's special segment host since 1998). When the former's hosting duties expired in 1988, William Bonner (presently one of Jornal Nacional's anchors) , Valeria Monteiro, Mario Vasconcellos, who became the titular host, then program commentator Alexandre Garcia and Wagner Montes joined the program, joined by Chapelin and Jornal da Manchete's Lelia Cordeiro (from Rede Manchete), who served in the show for 3 years, then replaced by Fatima Bernardes and Fausto Silva in 1989. Leo Batista, the longest program anchor from 1973 to 2007, served as the show's sports segment host. Esporte Espectacular (Spectacular Sports), the network's first sports newscast, broadcast until today on Sundays, debuted on March that year. It would last a decade, and was relaunched in 1987.
On April 26 the next year(1974), it broadcast in full color for the first time, with all its stations converting to full color broadcasts until 1977, and the entire network system was beginning to broadcast via satellite in 1982, five years after.
The next year, when Globo turned 10, it rebroadcast Selva de Pedra because of the cancellation of its newest drama, Roque Santeiro, by the Federal Government, only to air a decade later. Its Sessao da Tarde afternoon film banner was launched also in 1975, and its Caso Especial teletheater program was also shown from April to December the same year, on a weekly basis.
A New Corporate Image
1976 saw the beginning of the network's scheduling process (the Padrao Globo da Qualidade), which consists of two soap operas followed with newscasts, Globo Reporter and one to two more drama shows and cinema, comedy programming and others after. The proc
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