Norse Gods Goddesses

In Germanic paganism, the indigenous religion of the ancient Germanic peoples that inhabited Germanic Europe, there were a number of different gods and goddesses. Germanic deities are attested from numerous sources, including works of literature, various chronicles, runic inscriptions, personal names, place names, and other sources. This article presents a comprehensive list of these deities.

Gods

Goddesses

Heroes

Prose Edda deity lists

The Prose Edda contains three lists of Norse deities within the books Gylfaginning and Skáldskaparmál . Gylfaginning features a list of fourteen æsir (chapters 20 to 33) and ásynjur (chapter 35) each:

• æsir : Odin, Thor, Baldr, Njord, Freyr, Tyr, Bragi, Heimdall, Höðr, Víðarr, Váli, Ullr, Forseti, and Loki.
• ásynjur: Frigg, Sága, Eir, Gefjon, Fulla, Freyja, Sjöfn, Lofn, Vár, Vör, Syn, Hlín, Snotra, Gná; additionally, Sól and Bil. The list is followed by an enumeration of valkyries.

Skáldskaparmál (chapter 1) lists twelve æsir (apart from Odin) and eight ásynjur:

• æsir: Thor, Njörðr, Freyr, Tyr, Heimdall, Bragi, Víðarr, Váli, Ullr, Hœnir, Forseti, Loki.
• ásynjur: Frigg, Freyja, Gefjon, Iðunn, Gerðr, Sigyn, Fulla, Nanna.

Nafnaþulur lists thirteen æsir and 27 ásynjur (both in chapter 75):

• æsir: Yggr (Odin), Thor, Freyr, Víðarr, Baldr, Váli, Heimdall, Týr Njörð, Braga, Höðr, Forseti, Loki.
• ásynjur: Frigg, Freyja, Fulla, Snotra, Gerðr, Gefjon, Gná, Lofn, Skaði, Jörð, Iðunn, Ilmr, Bil, Njörun, Hlín, Nanna, Hnoss, Rindr, Sjöfn, Sól, Sága, Sigyn, Vör, Vár, Syn, Þrúð, Rán.

Pseudo-Norse gods and goddesses

Some figures sometimes presented as Norse deities do not occur in the ancient sources:

• Astrild ( Actually a synonym for Amor and Cupid invented and used by Nordic Baroque and Rococo authors. Might be confused with Freyja. )
• Jofur ( Actually a synonym for Jupiter invented and used by Nordic Baroque and Rococo authors. Might be confused with Thor. )

The following pseudo-deities are presented in Encyclopedia Mythica as Norse:

• Brono ( Claimed to be the god of daylight and the son of Baldr. Original source unknown. Might be confused with Dagr or Forseti. )
• Geirrendour ( Claimed to be the father of the billow maidens. Original source unknown. Might be confused with Ægir. )
• Glaur ( Claimed to be the wife of Mundilfari. Original source unknown.)
• Glúm ( Claimed to be an attendant of Frigg. Source unknown.)
• Laga ( Claimed to be the goddess of wells and springs. May be the same as Laha, a Celtic goddess of wells and springs. )

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b} Simek (2007:26).
2. ^ Simek (2007:43).
3. ^ Bellows (1936:75).
4. ^ Orchard (1997:32).
5. ^ Orchard (1997:46).
6. ^ Orchard (1997:47).
7. ^ Orchard (1997:78).
8. ^ Orchard (1997:83).
9. ^ Orchard (1997:88).
10. ^ Simek (2007:210).
11. ^ Orchard (1997:123).
12. ^ Orchard (1997:121).
13. ^ Simek (2007:322).
14. ^ Simek (2007:337).
15. ^ Lindow (2001:301).
16. ^ Orchard (1997:174—175).
17. ^ Orchard (1997:173).
18. ^ Simek (2007:363).
19. ^ Orchard (1997:19).
20. ^ Lindow (2001:78).
21. ^ Lindow (2001:105).
22. ^ Orchard (1997:36).
23. ^ Barnhart (1995:229).
24. ^ Lindow (2001:126)
25. ^ Lindow (2001:129).
26. ^ Orchard (1997:49).
27. ^ North (1997:71).
28. ^ Simek (2007:106).
29. ^ Orchard (1997:54).
30. ^ Lindow (2001:147).
31. ^ Lindow (2001:154).
32. ^ Simek (2007:131).
33. ^ ^{a b} Lindow (2001:177).
34. ^ Simek (2007:159).
35. ^ Lindow (2001:199).
36. ^ Simek (2007:176).
37. ^ Lindow (2001:213).
38. ^ Simek (2007:227).
39. ^ Lindow (2001:237-238)
40. ^ Finnur Jónsson (1913:110) suggests a Njörðr connection, Magnússon (1989:671) suggests Njörðr and Nerio.
41. ^ Orchard (1997:120).
42. ^ Simek (2007:260).
43. ^ Simek (2007:266).
44. ^ Lindow (2001:265).
45. ^ Nordisk Familjebok (1916:665).
46. ^ ^{a b} Lindow (2001:266).
47. ^ Orchard (1997:146).
48. ^ Simek (2007:287).
49. ^ Simek (2007:296).
50. ^ Orchard (1997:152).
51. ^ Orchard (1997:157).
52. ^ Orchard (1997:165).
53. ^ Simek (2007:326-327).
54. ^ Simek (2007:353).
55. ^ Simek (2007:368).
56. ^ Faulkes (1995:21–26).
57. ^ Faulkes (1995:29–31).
58. ^ Faulkes (1995:156–157).

References

• Bellows, Henry Adams (Trans.) (1936). The Poetic Edda . Princeton University Press.
• Barnhart, Robert K (1995). The Barnhart Concise Dictionary of Etymology . Harper Collins ISBN 0062700847
• Lindow, John (2001). Norse Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs . Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-515382-0
• Nordisk Familjebok (1916). Available online:
• North, Richard (1997). Heathen Gods in Old English Literature . Cambridge University Press ISBN 0521551838
• Orchard, Andy (1997). Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend . Cassell. ISBN 0 304 34520 2
• Simek, Rudolf (2007) translated by Angela Hall. Dictionary of Northern Mythology . D.S. Brewer. ISBN 0859915131

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