United Nations General Secretary

The Secretary-General of the United Nations , acronym UNSYG , is the head of the Secretariat, one of the principal organs of the United Nations. The Secretary-General also acts as the de facto spokesperson and leader of the United Nations.

The current Secretary-General is Ban Ki-moon of South Korea, who took office on 1 January 2007. His first term will expire on 31 December 2011, and he will be eligible for reappointment.

Role

The Secretary-General was envisioned by US President Franklin D. Roosevelt as a "world moderator," but the office was defined in the UN Charter as the organization's "chief administrative officer" (Article 97). Nevertheless, this more restricted description has not prevented the office holders from speaking out and playing important roles on global issues, to various degrees.

The official residence of the Secretary-General is a five-story townhouse in the Sutton Place neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City, New York, United States. The townhouse was built for Anne Morgan in 1921, and donated to the United Nations in 1972.

Term and selection

See also: United Nations Secretary-General selection, 2006

Secretaries-General serve for five-year terms that can be renewed indefinitely, although none so far has held office for more than two terms; most have served two terms. The Charter provides for the Secretary-General to be appointed by the General Assembly upon the nomination of the Security Council. Therefore, the selection is subject to the veto of any of the five permanent members of the Security Council.

The UN Charter's terse language has since been supplemented by other procedural rules and also accepted practices. In practice, the Secretary-General cannot be a national of any of the Permanent Members of the Security Council. An accepted practice of regional (continental) rotation has also been adopted in the selection of successive candidates. The ability of candidates to converse in both English and French is also considered an unofficial qualification for the office.

Most Secretaries-General are compromise-candidates from middle powers and with little prior fame. High-profile candidates are often touted for the job, but are almost always rejected as unpalatable to some. For instance, figures like Charles de Gaulle, Dwight Eisenhower, and Sir Anthony Eden were considered for the first Secretary-General position, but were rejected in favor of the uncontroversial Norwegian Trygve Lie. Due to international politics and the mechanicisms of political compromise, there are many similarities between the process and ideals for selecting the Secretary-General and those of selecting leading figures in other international organizations, such as the election of Popes in the Roman Catholic Church, or the Premier of the former Soviet Union. Dag Hammarskjöld remains the only Secretary-General to have died in office.

In the early 1960s, Soviet ruler Nikita Khrushchev led an effort to abolish the Secretary-General position. The numerical superiority of the Western powers combined with the one state, one vote system meant that the Secretary-General would come from one of them, and would typically be sympathetic towards the West. Khrushchev advanced a proposal to replace the Secretary-General with a three-person leading council (a "troika"): one member from the West, one from the Communist states, and one from the Non-Aligned powers. This idea failed because the neutral powers failed to back the Soviet proposal.

Secretaries-General

Note: Alger Hiss was Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on International Organization, held in April to June 1945.

See also

• United Nations Deputy Secretary-General
• List of Secretaries-General of the United Nations by longevity
• Global democracy
• International Court of Justice
• League of Nations
• Mundialization
• Presidential election
• Reform of the United Nations
• UN Economic and Social Council
• UN General Assembly
• UN Secretariat
• UN Security Council
• UN Trusteeship Council
• Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations
• United Nations System
• World government

References

1. ^ Teltsch, Kathleen. "Town House Offered to U. N.", The New York Times , 15 July 1972. Accessed 27 December 2007.
2. ^ Secretary-General Appointment Process
3. ^ "Lord Gladwyn Is Dead at 96; Briton Helped Found the U.N.". NY Times . http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9403E2D61E30F935A15753C1A960958260 . Retrieved 2008-10-31 .  
4. ^ The United Nations: Trygve Haldvan Lie (Norway) . Accessed 13 December 2006.
5. ^ ^{a b c d e f g} "An Historical Overview on the Selection of United Nations Secretaries-General". UNA-USA . http://www.unausa.org/atf/cf/%7B49C555AC-20C8-4B43-8483-A2D4C1808E4E%7D/SG%20Reform%20Fact%20Sheet-fina-logol.pdf . Retrieved 2007-09-30 .  
6. ^ The United Nations: Dag Hammarskjöld (Sweden) . Accessed 13 December 2006.
7. ^ Linnér, S. (2007). Dag Hammarskjöld and the Congo crisis, 1960-61 . Page 28. Uppsala University. (2008-07-22).
8. ^ The United Nations: U Thant (Myanmar) . Accessed 13 December 2006.
9. ^ The United Nations: Kurt Waldheim (Austria) . Accessed 13 December 2006.
10. ^ The United Nations: Javier Pérez de Cuéllar (Peru) . Accessed 13 December 2006.
11. ^ The United Nations: Boutros Boutros-Ghali (Egypt) . Accessed 13 December 2006.
12. ^ Report Sec-Gen Fall of Srebrenica - 15 nov 1999"
13. ^ The United Nations: The Biography of Kofi A. Annan . Accessed 13 December 2006.
14. ^ Ban Ki-moon is sworn in as next Secretary-General of the United Nations

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