Single Male

Single-sex education ( SSE ), also known as Single-gender education, is the practice of conducting education where male and female students attend separate classes or in separate buildings or schools. The practice was predominant before the mid-twentieth century, particularly in secondary education and higher education. Single-sex education in many cultures is advocated on the basis of tradition, as well as religion and is practiced in many parts of the world.

Overview

UK

A single-sex school is a school that advocates single-sex education. This has been the traditional situation for independent school in the United Kingdoms, especially public schools and grammar schools, but many of these have now become coeducational. In the state sector of the U.K. education system, the only single-sex primary schools are Winterbourne Junior Boys' School and Winterbourne Junior Girls' School (both in the London Borough of Croydon). The number of single-sex state schools has fallen from nearly 2,500 to just over 400 in 40 years. According to Alan Smithers, Professor of Education at Buckingham University, there was no evidence that single-sex schools were consistently superior. However, a 2009 analysis of Key Stage 2 and GCSE scores of more than 700,000 girls has revealed that those in all-female comprehensives make better progress than those who attend mixed secondaries.The largest improvements came among those who did badly at primary school, although pupils of all abilities are more likely to succeed if they go to single-sex state schools, the study indicates. A Government-backed review in 2007 recommended that the sexes should be taught differently to maximise results, amid fears that girls tend to be pushed aside in mixed-sex classrooms. A major longitudinal study of over 17,000 individuals examined whether single-sex schooling made a difference for a wide range of outcomes, including academic attainment, earnings, marriage, childbearing and divorce . The authors found that girls fared better in examinations at age 16 at single-sex schools, while boys achieved similar results at single-sex or co-educational schools . Girls rated their abilities in maths and sciences higher if they went to a girls’ school, and boys rated their abilities in English higher if they went to a boys’ school, i.e. gender stereotyping was weaker in the single-sex sector . Later in life, women who had been to single-sex schools went on to earn higher wages than women who had been to co-educational schools . However, men who had been to single-sex schools were more likely to end up divorced.

US

In the United States, the Supreme Court ruled on the constitutionality of single-sex public education in the 1996 case of United States v. Virginia . This ruling, written by Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg concluded that single-sex education in the public sector is constitutional only if comparable courses, services, and facilities are made available to both sexes. The No Child Left Behind Act contains provisions (section 5131.a.23. and 5131c) designed by their authors—Senators Hillary Clinton (D-NY) and Kay Bailey Hutchison (R-TX) -- to facilitate single-sex education in public schools. These provisions led to the publication of new federal rules in October 2006 to allow districts to create single-sex schools and classes provided that 1) enrollment is voluntary, and 2) comparable courses, services, and facilities are available to both sexes. The number of public schools offering single-sex classrooms rose from 11 in 2002 to 540 in 2009, according to the web site of the National Association for Single Sex Public Education.

Australia

In Australia, the proportion of students from independent schools attending single-sex schools, dropped from 31% in 1985 to 24% in 1995. In secondary schools, 55% of boys and 54% of girls went to single-sex schools, in 1985. However by 1995 the proportion attending single-sex secondary schools had dropped to 41% of boys and 45% of girls.

Middle East

However, in the Middle East in most schools it is mandatory for schools to be single-sex schools. Each school accepts boys or girls exclusively. In places where sharia is the law students attend sex-segregated public schools. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, single-sex public schools have been in place since the Islamic Revolution.

See also

• Sex segregation
• Coeducation
• Men's colleges
• Women's colleges

Footnotes

1. ^ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/educationnews/5008712/Girls-do-better-in-single-sex-schools.html
2. ^ http://www.cls.ioe.ac.uk/text.asp?section=00010001000500160009
3. ^ Sullivan, A., Joshi, H. and Leonard, D. (2010) ‘Single-sex Schooling and Academic Attainment at School and through the Lifecourse’. American Educational Research Journal 47(1) 6-36
4. ^ Sullivan, A. 2009. ‘Academic self-concept, gender and single-sex schooling’ British Educational Research Journal 35(2) 259-288
5. ^ Sullivan, A., Joshi, H. and Leonard, D. (forthcoming 2011) ‘Single-sex schooling and labour market outcomes’. Oxford Review of Education.
6. ^ Diana Jean Schemo (2006-10-25). "Correction Appended". New York Times . http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/25/education/25gender.html?ex=1319428800&en=70f2ee029e27c6c3&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss . Retrieved 2007-08-17 .  
7. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics Retrieved August 17, 2007
8. ^ AdventureDivas: IRAN: Groundwork

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