Hull is a town in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 11,050 at the 2000 census. Hull is the smallest town by land area in Plymouth County and the fourth smallest in the state. However, its population density is within the top thirty towns in the state.
Hull has been the summer home to several luminaries throughout the years, including former Boston mayor John F. Fitzgerald (a.k.a. "``Honey Fitz"), the father of Rose Kennedy; President Calvin Coolidge; and Joseph Kennedy, Sr.
History
The Massachusetts tribe called the area "Nantasket," meaning "at the strait" or "low-tide place." It is a series of islands connected by sandbars forming Nantasket Peninsula, on which the Plymouth Colony established a trading post in 1621 for trade with the Wampanoags. The town was first settled in 1622 and officially incorporated in 1644, when it was named for Hull, England. Early industries included fishing, trade and salvaging shipwrecks. During the Revolution, General Benjamin Lincoln oversaw the evacuation of Boston from here in 1778.
Hull has seven distinct hills and these seven hills are what make the peninsula's topography quite unique. Millions of years ago during the formation of the peninsula, seven glaciers came in close proximity to each other and over hundreds of thousands of years dirt, clay, sand, etc, covered the glaciers and the areas between them. This formed the town as it currently stands, and is what created 'the seven hills of hull'.
Hull was originally part of Suffolk County, and when the southern part of the county was set off as Norfolk County in 1793, it included the towns of Hull and Hingham. In 1803 those towns opted out of Norfolk County and became part of Plymouth County.
Lifesaving has been an important part of Hull history. The Massachusetts Humane Society placed one of its first Huts of Refuge on Nantasket Beach after the American Revolution. When it expanded its boat houses for lifeboats it places several in Hull at Stoney Beach, on Nantasket Beach, and near Cohasset. Joshua James (1826-1902), Hull’s most famous lifesaver, became the first Keeper of the Pt. Allerton U.S. Life Saving Station, when in opened in 1889. James and his crews, both Humane Society volunteers and U.S. Life-Savers, are estimated to have saved over 1000 people from shipwrecks. The exact number is not known because Massachusetts Humane Society records were lost in the Great Boston Fire in 1872. The Hull Lifesaving Museum is now located in the 1889 Pt. Allerton Life Saving Station, with the Museum's Maritime Program housed in the old Coast Guard boathouse at Pemberon Point. The new U.S. Coast Guard Station Point Allerton opened at the edge of Hull Village near Pemberton Point in 1969.
Hull features Nantasket Beach, with fine, light gray sand—generally considered one of the finest beaches in New England. At low tide, there are acres of sandy tide pools. Beginning the community's development as a tourist resort, in 1825 Paul Worrick established the Sportsman Hotel on Nantasket Avenue. More hotels were built, and by 1840, steamboats made 3 trips a day between the town and Boston.
Following the crowds onto the boardwalks were gamblers, pickpockets and confidence men, so Paragon Park was built as a safe place for those seeking amusement. Called a "marvel of fantasy," it once featured a ride based on the Johnstown Flood. The complex closed in 1984 when the property was sold for condominium development. Today, the only surviving remnants of Paragon Park on the boardwalk are the historic carousel and clock tower.
Geography
Hull is located at 42°17′10″N 70°52′35″W / 42.28611°N 70.87639°W / 42.28611; -70.87639 (42.286347, -70.87663). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 28.2 square miles (73.1 km²), of which, 3.0 square miles (7.8 km²) of it is land and 25.2 square miles (65.2 km²) of it (89.26%) is water. Hull is located on narrow Nantasket Peninsula, which juts into Massachusetts Bay, and is the southern land point at the entrance to Boston Harbor. Hiding in Hull's bay is also Hog Island, now known as Spinnaker Island. Hog Island was home to Hull's first High School, parts of the island sat very low and fill needed to be brought in to prevent flooding. Spinnaker Island is home to many residents. The town is bordered by Hingham Bay to the west, Massachusetts Bay to the north and east, and the towns of Cohasset and Hingham to the south. Hull is located almost twenty miles (32 km) by land from Boston, although by water, not counting islands, it is just five miles (8 km) from Pemberton Point in Hull to City Point in Dorchester. Although it is a forty-five minute drive into the heart of Boston, it is a twenty minute boat ride from Pemberton Pier, at the tip of Hull, into Boston's Long Wharf which is in close proximity to the North End and Faneuil Hall.
Hull is separated from Cohasset and Hingham by the Weir River Estuary, which is state-recognized as an Area of Critical Environmental Concern. The Estuary contains almost 600 acres (2.4 km 2 ) of undeveloped land, including almost 140 acres (0.57 km 2 ) undeveloped of undeveloped land in Hull, of which close to 80 percent is protected from development. The Estuary is important as a nursery for fish and other marine life. Over 100 species of birds also use the Weir River Estuary. The Weir River Estuary Center, owned by the town and being developed by the Weir River Watershed Association, located at the entrance to Hull on George Washington Boulevard, is expected to open by summer 2009.
Black Rock Beach connecting to Cohasset is the town's only landed connection to the mainland, although two bridges link the town to Hingham. Town neighborhoods include (from south to north) Green Hill, Straits Pond, Crescent Beach, Gunrock, Atlantic Hill, West Corner, Rockaway, Rockaway Annex, Nantasket Beach, Sagamore Hill, Hampton Circle, Sunset Point, Kenberma, Strawberry Hill, Waveland, Windermere, Allerton, Spinnaker Island, Stony Beach, Telegraph Hill, Hull Village, and Pemberton. The areas west of the northerly two miles of the three-mile-long Nantasket Beach constitute the majority of the town's landed area. The southern hills near the Town Hall are composed of volcanic rock created 600 million years ago. Green Hill near Cohasset and all of the hills out along the peninsula—Sagamore, Hampton, Sunset Point, Strawberry, Allerton, Telegraph, and Hull Hill—are drumlins formed by the last glacier about 14,000 years ago. The lands between the hills are tombolos, or tying sand bars. Telegraph Hill above Stony Beach is the site of Fort Revere Park, a park located at the site of a former defense installation which was active during the first half of the twentieth century. It is capped with an observation tower, which provides spectactular views of the rest of Boston Harbor, as well as much of the northern coast of the South Shore. The tower was sited on one of the five points of the star-shaped Fort Independence, which was created during the American Revolution.
The lands of Hull also include Peddocks Island, a part of the Boston Harbor Islands State Park.
There are no freeways in Hull. Route 228 becomes Nantasket Avenue at the center entrance to Hull. The main entrance is on George Washington Boulevard which connects to Route 3A at the Hingham rotary. The avenue continues on through the rest of town, to Main Street in Hull Village, which then goes on past the Pt. Allerton Coast Guard station ending at Windmill Point, also known as Pemberton Point, at the high school near the Hull Wind 1 windmill. The MBTA's bus service extends into neighboring Hingham, and the Greenbush Line of the commuter rail recently re-opened, with its closest station being at Nantasket Junction, site of the former Hingham Lumber Company lumber yard, which is where the Hull branch of the railroad once connected. This Hull branch was the first electrified railroad in America in 1895. Commuters to Logan International Airport and Boston (and in the summer to Boston Harbor Islands) can take the MBTA Commuter Boat, which leaves from Pemberton Point, the very tip of Hull. The nearest air service can be reached at Logan International Airport in Boston.
Culture
Hull has a Youth Baseball league, a Youth Football league, and a Youth Basketball league. Being on the coast Hull is able to maintain a sailing club. The town has a town song, called Underneath A Hullonian Sky , written by Cinzi Lavin. Hull has many homegrown artists. On Nantasket avenue the local art gallery displays the visual art of the locals. Painters can be seen on the beach or at sunset point painting the horizons or beach landscapes.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 11,050 people, 4,522 households, and 2,821 families residing in the town. The population density was 3,648.9 people per square mile (1,408.1/
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