Temecula is a city in southwestern Riverside County, California, United States with a population of 102,604. It was incorporated on December 1 , 1989 .
Temecula is bordered by Murrieta on the northwest and the Pechanga Indian Reservation on the south, with unincorporated areas of Riverside County on all of its other borders. It is served by the Interstate 15 (Temecula Valley Freeway), Interstate 215 and California State Route 79 (Winchester Road to the northeast and Temecula Parkway to the southeast).
With neighboring Murrieta, Temecula forms the southwestern anchor of the Inland Empire region. It is almost equidistant to San Diego, Los Angeles, and Orange County, California. Temecula is also home to military families from nearby Camp Pendleton, MCAS Miramar, March Air Reserve Base and the Naval bases in San Diego.
Population history
History
Pre-1800
The area was inhabited by the Temecula natives for many hundreds of years before their first meeting with the Spanish missionaries (the people are now generally known as the " Luiseños ", after the Mission San Luis Rey de Francia). The Pechanga Band of Luiseño Indians believe their ancestors have lived in the Temecula area for more than 10,000 years. In Pechanga mythology, life on earth began in the Temecula Valley. They call it, "Exva Temeeku", the place of the union of Sky— father, and Earth— mother ("Tuukumit'pi Tamaayowit"). The Temecula Indians ("Temeekuyam") lived at "Temeekunga"— "the place of the sun".Pechanga Band of Luiseño Indians
Other popular interpretations of the name, Temecula, include "The Sun That Shines Through The Mist" or "Where the sun breaks through the mist". According to the city website, "Temecula is the only city in California to still retain its original Indian name".
The first recorded Spanish visit occurred in October 1797, with a Franciscan padre, Father Juan Norberto de Santiago and Captain Pedro Lisalde. Father Santiago kept a journal, and in it he wrote about "Temecula ...an Indian village". The trip included the Lake Elsinore area and the Temecula Valley.
1800-1900
In 1798, Spanish Missionaries established the Mission of San Luis Rey de Francia and designated the Indians living in the region "Sanluiseños", or shortened to "Luiseños". In the 1820s, the Mission San Antonio de Pala was built.
In 1844 two Mexican land grants were made in the Temecula area: Rancho Temecula granted to Felix Valdez and Rancho Pauba to the east granted to Vicente Moraga. Rancho Little Temecula on fertile well watered land at the southern end of the valley, which included the village of Temecula, was made in 1845 to Luiseño Pablo Apis, one of the few former mission converts to be given a land grant. A fourth grant was known as Rancho Santa Rosa in the hills to the west was granted to Juan Moreno in 1846.
Map of the Apis Grant,
Map of the village of Temecula and vicinity, showing the several historical sites which clustered around the mission-era pond.
The Luiseño and Cahuilla tribes were involved in the local battles of the Mexican-American War during the following years. In January 1847 in an event known as the Pauma Massacre, the Luiseño Indians captured 11 Mexican soldiers, who had stolen some of the tribe's horses. The Californio response was the event known as the Temecula Massacre. As American settlers began to move into the area after the war, friction with the native tribes increased. A Treaty was signed in the Magee Store in Temecula in 1852, but never ratified by the United States Congress. The Apis claim to the Little Temecula Rancho was taken before the Land Commission and on November 15, 1853, the Board rejected the Luiseño claim. Without a treaty reservation or the land grant, they were left with no land of their own to work and under the provisions of an 1852 State law, Indians found to be "idle" could be arrested as vagrants and sold to the highest bidder within twenty-four hours after their arrest. This buyer would then have the use of their labor for up to four months. The rejection of the Apis land grant was appealed in 1856 and the court found in favor of the heirs of Pablo Apis (who had died in late 1853 or early 1854). The Luiseño of Temecula village remained on the south side of Temecula Creek until 1872 when the Apis grant was aquired by Louis Wolf. They were then evicted in 1875 and with their few possessions dumped on the land to the south of the old grant.
When a stagecoach line started a local route, from Warner Ranch to Colton, it passed through Temecula Valley, the first run occurring in 1857. Within a year, the Butterfield Overland Mail stagecoach line, with a route between St. Louis, Missouri and San Francisco, stopped at Temecula's Magee Store. On April 22, 1859, the first inland Southern California post office was established in Temecula in the Magee Store. This was the second post office in the state, the first being located in San Francisco. The Temecula post office was destined for a number of moves over the ensuing years; its present locations are the seventh and eighth sites it has occupied. The Civil War put an end to the great Butterfield Overland Stage Service and transportation once again became a problem.
In 1862, Louis Wolf, a Temecula merchant and postmaster, married Ramona Place of Santa Barbara; she was half Indian. Author Helen Hunt Jackson spent time with Louis and Ramona Wolf in 1882 and again 1883. Wolf's store became an inspiration for Jackson's fictional "Hartsel's store" in her novel, Ramona , (1884). There is some speculation that Jackson's fictional heroine, Ramona, a half Indian, was inspired by Ramona Wolf.
In 1882, the Pechanga Indian Reservation of approximately 4,000 acres (16 km 2 ) some 8 miles (13 km) from downtown Temecula was formed by executive order. In 1882, the California Southern Railroad, a subsidiary of the Santa Fe Railroad, completed construction of the section from National City to Temecula. In 1883 the line was extended to San Bernardino. In the late 1880s, a series of floods washed out the tracks and the section of the railroad through the canyon was finally abandoned. The old Temecula station wound up as a barn and was later demolished.
In the 1890s with the operation of granite stone quarries, Temecula granite was shaped into fence and hitching posts, curb stones, courthouse steps, and building blocks. At the turn of the century Temecula gained a place of importance as a shipping point for grain and cattle.
1900-1989
In 1904 Walter L. Vail, who had come to the United States with his parents from Nova Scotia, migrated to California and with various partners began buying land in Southern California. Vail started buying ranch land in the Temecula Valley in 1905, buying 38,000 acres (154 km 2 ) of Rancho Temecula and Rancho Pauba, along with the northern half of Rancho Little Temecula. Vail was killed by a street car in Los Angeles in 1906, and his son, Mahlon Vail, took over the family ranch. In 1914, financed by Mahlon Vail and local ranchers, the First National Bank of Temecula opened on Front Street. In 1915, the first paved, two-lane county road was built through Temecula.
By 1947, the Vail Ranch contained over 87,500 acres (354 km 2 ). In 1948, the Vail family built a dam to catch the Temecula Creek water and created Vail Lake. Through the mid-1960s the economy of the Temecula Valley centered around the Vail Ranch; the cattle business and agriculture were the stimuli for most business ventures. In 1964, the Vail Ranch was sold to Kaiser Land Development Company. A later purchase by the group brought the total area to 97,500 acres (395 km 2 ), and the area became known as Rancho California. The I-15 corridor between Los Angeles County and San Diego was completed in the early 1980s and the subdivision land boom began. When Rancho California incorporated in December, 1989, the citizens voted to officially name their city "Temecula".
1990-present
The 1990s brought rapid growth to the Temecula Valley. Many families began to move to the area from San Diego and Orange County drawn by the affordable housing prices. In 1999, The Promenade Mall opened in Temecula. In 2005, Temecula expanded by annexing the neighboring planned community known as Redhawk. The annexation brought the population to 90,000. After a period of rapid population growth and home construction, the 2007 subprime mortgage financial crisis and the resultant United States housing market correction caused a sharp rise in home foreclosures in the Temecula-Murrieta region.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 26.3 square miles (68.1 km²), of which, 26.3 square miles (68.0 km²) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km²) of it (0.11%) is water.
Climate
Temecula has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa ).
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 57,716 people, 18,293 households, and 15,164 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,198.3 people per square mile (848.6/km²). There were 19,099 housing units at an average density of 727.4/sq mi (280.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 78.93% W
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