Sonic the Hedgehog is a video game series released by Sega starring and named after its mascot character, Sonic The Hedgehog. The series began in 1991 with the release of Sonic the Hedgehog on the Sega Mega Drive/Genesis, in addition to an 8-bit version of the game for the Master System and Game Gear formats. Sonic was responsible for turning Sega into a leading video game company during the 16-bit era, and his first game soon replaced Altered Beast as the default pack-in game for the Mega Drive/Genesis in North America and Europe. As of 2008, the franchise has sold more than 50 million copies.
The Sega division responsible for the first game in the series was called Sonic Team, and the group has since developed many titles in the franchise. Prominent members of its initial staff included programmer Yuji Naka, designer Naoto Ohshima and game planner Hirokazu Yasuhara. Other developers of Sonic games have included American Sega Technical Institute, Japanese Dimps, Canadian BioWare, and British Traveller's Tales.
Video games
Further information: List of games featuring Sonic the HedgehogNearly all games in the series feature a teenage hedgehog named Sonic the Hedgehog as the central player character and protagonist. The games feature Sonic's attempts to save the world from various threats, primarily the evil genius Dr. "Eggman" Robotnik. The main antagonist throughout the series, Robotnik's aim is to rule Earth and establish the Eggman Empire; to achieve this, he usually attempts to eliminate Sonic and acquire the powerful Chaos Emeralds.
8-bit installments
Sonic the Hedgehog's first outing was on the Mega Drive/Genesis, but the character was also featured in games released on the 8-bit Sega Master System and Sega Game Gear formats. Some of these games were ports of their Mega Drive counterparts, but several were original titles that were designed for the 8-bit systems. Most of the later titles were only released for the Game Gear, not the Master System.
- Sonic the Hedgehog
- Sonic the Hedgehog 2
- Sonic Chaos / Sonic and Tails (Japan)
- Sonic Triple Trouble / Sonic and Tails 2 (Japan)
- Sonic Drift
- Sonic Drift 2
- Sonic Spinball
- Sonic Labyrinth
- Sonic Blast
- Tails' Skypatrol
- Tails Adventure
16-bit installments
The original four main Sonic games for the Mega Drive/Genesis, released between 1991 and 1994, were:
- Sonic the Hedgehog
- Sonic the Hedgehog 2
- Sonic the Hedgehog 3
- Sonic & Knuckles
These two dimensional Sonic titles are platform games viewed from a side-on perspective. Their controls are fairly basic and do not deviate much from the genre standard; the selling point of the series is the high-speed gameplay. The series' game engines allow characters to run up walls and ceilings, and roller coaster-like loops and corkscrews are common, as are giant pinball machines with flippers and bumpers which knock Sonic around like a ball. The games also feature numerous sections involving more precise jumping to traverse platforms and avoid hazards.
The planned third game in the series was split into two halves during development, and released separately as Sonic the Hedgehog 3 and Sonic & Knuckles . The complete game, known as Sonic 3 & Knuckles , can be played by plugging the Sonic 3 cartridge into the top of the Sonic & Knuckles cartridge. (See Sonic 3--Technical specifications.)
Other Sonic games for the basic (unaugmented) Mega Drive/Genesis were:
- Sonic Spinball , a pinball simulation with a story based on the cartoons Sonic the Hedgehog and Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog . It was the first Sonic game to be developed entirely in the United States.
- Dr. Robotnik's Mean Bean Machine , a puzzle game that was basically an American version of Puyo Puyo set in the Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog universe. This is arguably a Sonic game in branding only; in the words of an IGN reviewer, "Curiously, Sonic himself is nowhere to be found in this game. It is just the good Doctor and a mighty stack of beans."
- Sonic 3D Blast was released on the Genesis, Saturn, and PC in varying forms. The Genesis version featured an isometric, pseudo-3D ("2.5D") view and pseudo-3D bonus levels that more closely resembled those of Sonic the Hedgehog 2 than the ones in Sonic the Hedgehog 3 . Sonic 3D Blast (also titled variously as Sonic 3D Blast: Flickies' Island or Sonic 3D: Flickies' Island in different regions, and also called just Sonic 3D ) was developed by Traveller's Tales.
Also, Sonic Crackers , a prototype of Knuckles' Chaotix , is an unfinished game concept demo for the Mega Drive/Genesis produced by Sega. It is available only as a ROM image which was released with or without the approval of Sega and can be found on the Internet. (As a ROM image, it can only be played on an emulator or on a real Mega Drive/Genesis with special third-party cartridge hardware. Therefore, it is clearly not a "regular" game, even if its incompleteness is overlooked.)
For the Mega Drive/Genesis with add-on devices, these Sonic games exist:
- Sonic CD , released in 1993 on the Sega Mega-CD/Sega CD. In 1996 the game was ported to PC CD-ROM.
- Sonic Eraser , a puzzle game only released on Meganet (and thus requiring the Mega Drive/Genesis modem.)
Also, these arcade game machines were released in Japan:
- SegaSonic Cosmo Fighter
- SegaSonic the Hedgehog
32-bit installments
The following games were released during the 32-bit era:
- Knuckles' Chaotix is the first 32-bit game in Sonic the Hedgehog series released in 1995 for the Sega 32X, a Mega Drive/Genesis add-on. It is the first game in which the Chaotix appear.
- Sonic 3D Blast (also known as Sonic 3D: Flickie's Island ), was released for the Sega Saturn in 1996 alongside the Genesis version. Like the Mega Drive/Genesis version, this edition has isometric pseudo-3D graphics but features FMV cutscenes, enhanced music and visual effects, and a real-time 3D special stage.
- Sonic Jam is a compilation released for the Saturn in 1997. In addition to containing Sonic the Hedgehog , Sonic 2 , Sonic 3 and Sonic & Knuckles , it also included a "Sonic World" mode. This allowed the player to control Sonic in a small 3D world similar to the Green Hill Zone from the original game; it contained no enemies and was mainly a means of accessing the disc's multimedia features. A notable special feature was that the Sonic & Knuckles connectivity from the Genesis was fully integrated and extended in this collection. A black & white version of this game (with lots of things removed) was released for the Game.com in 1997.
- Sonic R , a racing spin-off and also the Sonic series' first full 3D game, was released in 1997 for the Saturn and later ported to the PC.
The Sega Technical Institute tried to develop a Sonic game for the Saturn called Sonic X-treme . This game was intended to compete with Nintendo's Super Mario 64 and Sony's Crash Bandicoot . However, due to time constraints and issues between STI, the Japanese division of Sega, and Sonic Team, the project was canceled in the last months of 1996.
Sega Saturn and Windows PC conversions of Sonic 3D Blast followed to cover the hole of the cancellation of Sonic X-treme . They had enhanced graphics and a different sound track, composed by Richard Jacques. Sonic Team worked on the Special Stages in the Saturn/PC version of Sonic 3D .
Sixth generation
The following games were released in the sixth generation:
- Sonic Adventure was a launch title for the Dreamcast console released in 1999. The game is notable for being the first game in the series to feature voice acting and fully utilise 3D platforming. In 2003 Sonic Adventure was ported to the Nintendo GameCube and Windows PC under the title of Sonic Adventure DX: Director's Cut , featuring some enhancements to the Dreamcast version.
- Sonic Shuffle was released for the Dreamcast after Sonic Adventure and before Sonic Adventure 2 . It is a board game with cel-shading graphics.
- Sonic Adventure 2 was released in North America on 19 June 2001, originally for the Dreamcast. It was later ported to the Nintendo GameCube under the title of Sonic Adventure 2 Battle (is improved edition of Sonic Adventure 2).
- Sonic Mega Collection , released in late 2002 on the Nintendo GameCube, is similar to Sonic Jam as the game features classic Sonic titles as well as unlockable games and extra bonus material. In late 2004 it was ported to the PlayStation 2 and Xbox under the name of Sonic Mega Collection Plus with the inclusion of additional games. A PC version was also released in 2006. A continuation, Sonic Gems Collection, provided more games including Sonic R and Sonic the Fighters.
- Sonic Heroes is the first multiplatform gam
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