The four Grand Slam tournaments, also called the Majors, are the most important tennis events of the year in terms of world ranking points, tradition, prize-money awarded, and public attention. They are:
Australian Open
French Open
Wimbledon
US Open
A singles player or doubles team that wins all four Slam tournaments in the same year is said to have achieved the Grand Slam . If the player or team wins all four consecutively, but not in the same calendar year, it is called a Non-Calendar Year Grand Slam . Winning all four at some point in a career, even if not consecutively, is referred to as a Career Grand Slam , while winning the four majors and a gold medal in tennis at the Summer Olympics has been called a Golden Slam since 1988, when Steffi Graf accomplished that feat in a single calendar year.
History
Used in golf since 1930, the term Grand Slam was first applied to tennis by New York Times columnist John Kieran according to Total Tennis, The Ultimate Tennis Encyclopedia by Bud Collins. In the chapter about 1933, Collins writes that after the Australian player Jack Crawford had won the Australian, French, and Wimbledon Championships, speculation arose about his chances in the U.S. Championships. Kieran, who was a bridge player, wrote: "If Crawford wins, it would be something like scoring a grand slam on the courts, doubled and vulnerable." Crawford, an asthmatic, won two of the first three sets of his finals match against Fred Perry, then tired in the heat and lost the last two sets and the match.
Grand Slam (four majors in one calendar year)
Men's singles
- Don Budge (1938)
- Rod Laver (1962 • 1969)
Women's singles
- Maureen Connolly Brinker (1953)
- Margaret Court (1970)
- Steffi Graf (1988)
- Note: Graf also won the Olympic gold medal in 1988 (The "Golden" Grand Slam)
Men's doubles
- Frank Sedgman and Ken McGregor (1951)
Women's doubles
- Maria Bueno (1960), with Christine Truman Janes at the Australian Championships, then Darlene Hard at the French Championships, Wimbledon, and the U.S. Championships.
- Martina Navrátilová and Pam Shriver (1984)
- Note: Navratilova and Shriver won 8 consecutive Grand Slam titles from 1983 Wimbledon to the 1985 French Open.
- Martina Navrátilová (1986), with Andrea Temesvári at the French Championships, then Pam Shriver at Wimbledon, and the U.S. Championships.
- Note: Australian Championships were not played in 1986 but Navrátilová won both the December 1985 and the January 1987 tournaments.
- Martina Hingis (1998), with Mirjana Lučić at the Australian Open, then Jana Novotná at the French Open, Wimbledon, and the US Open.
Mixed doubles
- Margaret Court (as Margaret Smith) and Ken Fletcher (1963)
- Margaret Court (1965; as Margaret Smith), with: John Newcombe at the Australian Championships; Ken Fletcher at the French Championships and Wimbledon; and Fred Stolle at the U.S. Championships.
- Note: Australian Championships final was not played. The title is shared with Robyn Ebbern and Owen Davidson
- Owen Davidson (1967), with Lesley Turner Bowrey at the Australian Championships, then Billie Jean King at the French Championships, Wimbledon, and the U.S. Championships.
- Note: In 1985, Martina Navratilova won every Grand Slam mixed doubles title available - the French Open and the U.S. Open with Heinz Gunthardt and Wimbledon with Paul McNamee. She could not complete a Grand Slam because the Australian Open mixed doubles championships were not played from 1970 until 1987.
Boys' singles
- Stefan Edberg (1983)
Non-Calendar year Grand Slam (four consecutive majors regardless of year)
In 1982, the ITF redefined the Grand Slam as four consecutive victories that could span two consecutive years and put up a US$1 million bonus for any player who accomplished the feat. After Martina Navrátilová won her fourth consecutive major championship at the 1984 French Open, she was duly awarded the $1 million bonus in recognition of her achievement. Navratilova would go on to win a total of six Grand Slam titles in a row but did not complete the calendar-year Grand Slam. This redefinition of the Grand Slam by the ITF was the source of great controversy in the tennis world and, in the years since, the ITF has distanced itself from the 1982 decision, seemingly reverting to the traditional calendar-year definition of the Grand Slam. No other sources consider this a true Grand Slam.
Women's singles
- Martina Navrátilová (1983-84)
- Won six consecutive Grand Slam titles. Her streak was Wimbledon, US Open, and Australian Open in 1983, followed by French Open, Wimbledon, and US Open in 1984. (The Australian Open was held in December from 1977 through 1985, returning to its original January date in 1987.)
- Steffi Graf (1993-94)
- Her streak was: 1993 French Open, Wimbledon, US Open and the 1994 Australian Open.
- Graf also won a Grand Slam in 1988.
- Serena Williams (2002-03)
- The "Serena Slam" — a reference to the Tiger Slam won by Tiger Woods between 2000 and 2001. Her streak was: 2002 French Open, Wimbledon, US Open and the 2003 Australian Open.
Women's doubles
- Pam Shriver (1986-87)
- Four consecutive titles from 1986 Wimbledon through the 1987 French Open (all with Navratilova).
- Gigi Fernández and Natasha Zvereva (1992-93)
- Six consecutive titles from the 1992 French Open through 1993 Wimbledon.
Most Grand Slam titles in a row (consecutive)
Men's singles
- Don Budge (6): (1937 Wimbledon through the 1938 U.S. Championships).
Women's singles
- Maureen Connolly Brinker (6): (1952 Wimbledon through the 1953 U.S. Championships).
- Margaret Court (6): (1969 US Open through the 1971 Australian Open).
- Martina Navrátilová (6): (1983 Wimbledon through the 1984 US Open).
Men's doubles
Team:
- 7: Ken McGregor and Frank Sedgman (from the 1951 Australian Championships through the 1952 Wimbledon Championships)
Player:
- 8: Frank Sedgman (from the 1950 US Championships through the 1952 Wimbledon Championships)
Women's doubles
Team:
- 8: Martina Navrátilová and Pam Shriver (1983 Wimbledon Championships/US Open/Australian Open, 1984 French Open/Wimbledon Championships/US Open/Australian Open, 1985 French Open)
- 6: Gigi Fernández and Natasha Zvereva (1992 French Open/Wimbledon Championships/US Open, 1993 Australian Open/French Open/Wimbledon Championships)
Player:
- 6: Martina Navrátilová (1985 Australian Open, 1986 French Open/Wimbledon Championships/US Open, 1987 Australian Open/French Open)
Most consecutive Grand Slam singles finals
Note: minimum 4 consecutive finals.
Men
Women
Most Grand Slam singles titles in a row (non-consecutive)
Helen Wills Moody won all 16 of the Grand Slam singles tournaments she played beginning with the 1924 U.S. Championships and extending through the 1933 Wimbledon Championships (not counting her defaults in the 1926 French and Wimbledon Championships). The first 15 of those were won without losing a set. During this period, she won 6 Wimbledons, 4 French Championships, and 6 U.S. Championships. She also won the 1924 Summer Olympics during this period. Moody never entered the Australian Championships.
Most Grand Slam mixed doubles titles in a row (non-consecutive)
Doris Hart won all 13 of the Grand Slam mixed doubles tournaments she played beginning with the 1951 French Championships and extending through the 1955 U.S. Championships. During this period, she won 5 Wimbledons, 3 French Championships, and 5 U.S. Championships.
Career Grand Slam
Winning all four Grand Slam tournaments during a career is termed a Career Grand Slam. Six men and nine women have accomplished this in singles play, but only three men (Rod Laver, Andre Agassi
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