A Christmas Carol is a novella by Charles Dickens. Since its first publication in 1843, it has been adapted for theatre, film, television, radio, and opera countless times. The various adaptations have included straightforward retellings, modernizations, parodies and sequels.

Adaptations

The novel was the subject of Dickens' first public reading, given in Birmingham Town Hall to the Industrial and Literary Institute on 27 December 1852. This was repeated three days later to an audience of 'working people', and was a great success by his own account and that of newspapers of the time. Over the years Dickens edited the piece down and adapted it for a listening, rather than reading, audience. Excerpts from 'A Christmas Carol' remained part of Dickens' public readings until his death.

Theatre

  • A Christmas Carol (1974), original musical-comedy stage adaptation written and directed by, and starring (as Scrooge) Ira David Wood III (father of Evan Rachel Wood and Ira David Wood IV), which has been performed for the last 34 years on stage at Raleigh's Memorial Auditorium. In 2008, the show added performances at the brand new Durham Performing Arts Center. Theatre In The Park, in Raleigh, North Carolina, has produced the show since its premiere. Wood's "A Christmas Carol" is the longest running indoor show in North Carolina theatre history.
  • A Christmas Carol (1981), a musical adaptation which premiered in 1982 at the Hartman Theater, Stamford, Conn. The show was workshopped as a tour in 1981, with Richard Kiley as Scrooge. Book and lyrics by Sheldon Harnick, Music by Michel Legrand.
  • A Christmas Carol (1983), a theatrical adaptation by Jeffrey Sanzel has been performed annually at Theatre Three in Port Jefferson, New York for 25 years. In 2007, Sanzel reached 800 performances as Scrooge.
  • A Christmas Carol (1988), is an original musical adaptation by Phillip Wm.McKinley which was written for The Chatham Players in Chatham, NJ. The ensemble production features Charles Dickens as narrator. In 2008, the production celebrated its 20th anniversary; actor Alan Semok has portrayed Scrooge in the Chatham production since 1994.
  • The Gospel According to Scrooge (1986), a stage musical that emphasizes the religious elements of the story, often performed by American Christian churches.
  • A Christmas Carol (Patrick Stewart) (1988), Patrick Stewart's one-man reading/acting of the story, made its first appearance in London and later on Broadway. On stage he would use a table, chair, stool, lectern, and a book with an over-sized print cover to enact the entire story. The production has been revived in London and New York several times. It has also been released on compact disc.
  • Scrooge!: A Dickens of a One-Man Show (1991), a theatrical adaptation one person show written by and starring Kevin Norberg portraying all 40-plus characters in a solo performance.
  • Scrooge: The Musical (1992), a British stage musical adapted from the 1970 film and starring Anthony Newley.
  • A Christmas Carol: The Musical (1995), a broadway musical adaptation of the classic Dickens novel with music by Alan Menken and lyrics by Lynn Ahrens. It was most recently performed in the winter of 2009 at Grand Ledge High School in Michigan.
  • A Christmas Carol (1997), a musical adaptation with music by Steve Parsons and book/lyrics by John Popa was performed from 1997–2000 at The Players Guild Theatre in Canton, Ohio and is scheduled to be remounted in November of 2009. This version spawned two cast recordings, one featuring the original cast and a 10th anniversary recording in 2008.
  • A Christmas Carol , written and performed by Greg Oliver Bodine, is a one-man stage adaptation enacted by Charles Dickens himself, and is based on a condensed version of the novel that he used while on the second of his historic reading tours of the United States. First performed in 2003.
  • Steve Nallon's Christmas Carol (2003), theatrical adaptation starring impressionist Nallon, as a number of famous people.
  • A Christmas Carol (2003), theatrical adaptation by Karen Louise Hebden produced by and performed at Derby Playhouse in 2003 and revived in 2006. On both occasions, Scrooge was played by Ben Roberts.
  • A Christmas Carol 1941 (2007) a remake set during World War II.
  • A Christmas Carol (2007), theatrical adaptation by Jacqueline Goldfinger produced by and performed at North Coast Repertory Theatre in San Diego. This adaptation has become North Coast Rep's annual Christmas show.
  • A Christmas Carol adapted by Tom Haas, has been performed each year at the Indiana Repertory Theatre for more than 25 years. Set on a minimalist stage covered in snow, this adaptation features the characters narrating their own actions to the audience and intersperses carols and dance along with the visits of the ghosts.
  • A Christmas Carol a new adaptation by Adam Graham, first performed on 6 December 2007 by Performing Arts Winchester, part of Winchester Student Union. A one hour version featuring all the major characters and well loved carols, it was performed twice a night for the holiday season.
  • A Christmas Carol an adaptation by Ron Severdia, premiered on 6 December 2006 at the Barn Theatre in Ross, CA. In 2007, he toured Europe with a new adaptation of the show.
  • A Christmas Carol (2003/4) a new stage adaptation by Scott Harrison. Produced and performed by The Dreaming Theatre Company in the Kirkgate Victorian street exhibition inside the York Castle Museum, the first ever company to perform inside this venue. First performed in November/December 2003 and revived in 2004. Other venues included the Georgian Theatre, Richmond and Fountains Hall, Fountains Abbey.
  • A Christmas Carol - As told by Jacob Marley (deceased) (2009/10); written and performed by James Hyland and directed by Hugh Allison.
  • A Christmas Carol a stage adaptation by Jason Carr and Bryony Lavery was written for the Chichester Youth Theatre and performed at The Chichester Festival Theatre during Christmas 2008. This adaptation is to be performed by Birmingham Repertory Theatre for Christmas 2009.
  • A Christmas Carol (2009) a stage adaptation written by Alexandria Haber and produced by Geordie Productions, premiering in December 2009 at the D.B. Clarke Theatre in Montreal, Quebec (Canada).
  • Filthy Lucre: A Burlesque Christmas Carol (2009) presented by Pinchbottom Burlesque, written by Jonny Porkpie, starring Nasty Canasta (Burlesque) as Scrooge and 35 other top performers in the New York Neo-Burlesque Scene .
  • A Christmas Carol , a modern-dress 7-actor comedy adaptation geared for K-8 student audiences, by Matt O'Brien, written for GreatWorks Theatre in Chicago

Film

  • Scrooge; or Marley's Ghost (1901), a short British film that was the first screen adaptation.
  • A Christmas Carol (1908), with Thomas Ricketts as Scrooge.
  • A Christmas Carol (1910) is a 15-minute silent version of the film starring Marc McDermott as Scrooge and Charles Ogle as Cratchit.
  • Scrooge (1913), starring Sir Seymour Hicks and retitled Old Scrooge for its U.S. release in 1926.
  • The Right to Be Happy (1916), the first feature-length adaptation, directed by and starring Rupert Julian as Scrooge.
  • A Christmas Carol (1923), produced in the U.K. and starring Russell Thorndike, Nina Vanna, Jack Denton, and Forbes Dawson.
  • Scrooge (1935), a British movie, again starring Seymour Hicks as Scrooge.
  • A Christmas Carol (1938), starring Reginald Owen as Scrooge and Gene Lockhart and Kathleen Lockhart as the Cratchits.
  • Scrooge (1951), starring Alastair Sim as Scrooge and Mervyn Johns and Hermione Baddeley as the Cratchits. Many consider this film a classic, the best adaptation of the story yet made.
  • Scrooge (1970), a musical film adaptation starring Albert Finney as Scrooge and Alec Guinness as Marley's Ghost.
  • A Christmas Carol (1971), an Oscar-winning animated short film by Richard Williams, with Alastair Sim reprising the role of Scrooge.
  • Mickey's Christmas Carol (1983), an animated short film featuring the various Walt Disney characters (including characters from Wind in the Willows, Robin Hood and The Three Little Pigs), with Scrooge McDuck fittingly playing the role of Ebenezer Scrooge.
  • Scrooged (1988), a remake in a contemporary setting with Bill Murray being a misanthropic TV producer who is haunted by the ghosts of Christmas. Directed by Richard Donner.
  • The Muppet Christmas Carol (1992), featuring the various Muppet characters, with Michael Caine as Scrooge.
  • A Christmas Carol (1994), an animated version produced by Jetlag Productions, written by Jack Olesker.
  • A Christmas Carol (1997), an animated production featuring the voice of Tim Curry as Scrooge as well as the voices of Whoopi Goldberg, Michael York and Ed Asner.
  • Christmas Carol: The Movie (2001), an animated version produced by Illuminated Films (Christmas Carol), Ltd/The Film Consortium/MBP; screenplay by Robert Llewellyn & Piet Kroon; with the voices of Simon Callow, Kate Winslet, and Nicolas Cage.
  • A Christmas Carol (2006), a computer animated adaptation featuring anthropomorphic animals in the lead roles.
  • Barbie in a Christmas Carol (2008), Barbie stars as the female version of Ebenezer Scrooge.
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