Spirit of Ontario I is the former name of Tanger Jet II , an Auto Express 86 Class wave piercing catamaran passenger-vehicle ferry constructed by Austal Ships in Perth, Australia.
From 2004–2005 the Spirit of Ontario I operated a fast ferry service on an 82 nautical mile (94 miles/152 km) route across Lake Ontario, linking the ports of Rochester, New York and Toronto, Ontario. The vessel was sold in April 2007 to the German company FRS for a ferry service between Spain and Morocco.
Vessel specifications
The Spirit of Ontario I was built by Austal Ships in Perth, Australia. The vessel was Austal's seventh build of the "Auto Express 86" design and measures 86.6 metres in length, with a beam of 23.8 metres. The vessel's beam is specifically designed to meet the requirements for transiting through the St. Lawrence Seaway locks and canals to reach Lake Ontario. Spirit of Ontario I has a gross tonnage of 6,242 and a capacity for 774 passengers with 238 car-equivalents (or a maximum of 10 trucks and 150 cars). The vessel is powered by four 8,200 kW diesel engines which drive four waterjets, giving a maximum speed of 83 km/h (45 knots) when fully loaded. Onboard passenger amenities include a cafeteria, two bars, two movie theatres, a children's play room, an arcade, and television and broadband Internet service provided via satellite.
History of Rochester-Toronto ferry service
A high speed ferry service between the two ports was discussed and spearheaded by local politicians and business leaders, primarily in upstate New York, beginning in the 1990s and continuing until the early 2000s. The city of Rochester built a ferry terminal in speculation of such a service being implemented.
2004 season
A group of investors formed a U.S. company named Canadian American Transportation Systems (CATS) which then entered into a contract to build Spirit of Ontario I with Austal Ships in 2003.
The vessel left Perth on February 17, 2004, crossing the Pacific Ocean and transiting the Panama Canal, reaching New York City on April 1, 2004. The vessel's aluminum hull was slightly damaged while docking for a public relations event at the South Street Seaport, forcing Austal to perform emergency repairs before continuing on through the Gulf of St. Lawrence and St. Lawrence Seaway, arriving in Rochester on April 27, 2004.
CATS promoted the new service, aiming to begin operations in early May 2004. As part of their promotional activities during the months leading up to Spirit of Ontario I arriving on Lake Ontario, CATS marketers created a competition for free boarding passes whereby members of the public could submit suggestions for the service's official "nickname". The winning entry was "The Breeze" and many people assume this was the name of the vessel, however its registered name remained Spirit of Ontario I and "The Breeze" was only a CATS marketing strategy and registered trademark for the service itself.
Unfortunately, the early May 2004 start-up of operations was not feasible for several reasons:
- Hull repairs in New York City in April, pushing back the delivery date.
- Unexpected engine repairs in May and early June, 2004 after arriving on Lake Ontario.
- A dispute over payment for Canadian customs services in Toronto. The federal government in Canada passed a law in the 1990s whereby any privately owned new border crossing point such as a ferry service or private toll bridge must pay for its customs services at no cost to Canadian taxpayers.
- Ongoing construction of a ferry terminal in Toronto. A temporary terminal building and parking lot was rushed to completion for the spring start-up of operations while construction of a permanent passenger terminal began.
The accumulated delays pushed the start-up date for Spirit of Ontario I to June 17, 2004. In the meantime, the Lake Express , a much smaller high speed catamaran ferry, also built by Austal Ships (in Alabama), went into service on Lake Michigan, laying claim to being the first high speed car ferry service on the Great Lakes.
After operations began, Spirit of Ontario I performed reliably in daily service between Rochester and Toronto, making one or two round trips daily with a total crossing time of 2.5 hours including loading/discharging and customs/immigration clearance. The service initially had relatively low ridership due to the uncertainties over start-up earlier in the spring and from poor marketing and lack of highway signage in Toronto. These difficulties were overcome by early August 2004 and the vessel was carrying close to full capacity throughout this month. The service had reportedly carried over 100,000 passengers by September.
Unfortunately, CATS suspended the Spirit of Ontario I ferry service indefinitely on September 7, 2004 with the company citing financial problems related to initial delays in getting the vessel operational and missing its first service launch date in May.
Contributing factors to the ferry company's financial difficulties were reported to be:
- Slow progress by the Toronto Port Authority in constructing a permanent ferry terminal in Toronto. The delays in getting even temporary terminal facilities built in Toronto during the spring of 2004 was another reason for forcing a delay in starting the service until mid-June.
- CATS felt that it was being charged excessive Canadian customs and immigration costs. U.S. port of entry services were being provided in Rochester at no cost to CATS whereas Canadian port of entry services had to be completely covered by the company, resulting in a hidden charge on each ticket price.
- CATS blamed U.S. customs for not giving approval for the Spirit of Ontario I to carry freight trucks and express cargo, claiming that this altered the original business plan.
- CATS endured criticism from both nations for a decision to have Spirit of Ontario I registered under the flag of Bahamas, a flag of convenience nation, allegedly for taxation purposes. CATS was able to do this since the vessel was operating in an international service; additionally, since the Spirit of Ontario I was a foreign-built vessel, CATS would have had to pay significant penalties were it to register the vessel in either Canada or the U.S. (particularly the U.S., given the domestic-content restrictions of the Jones Act).
- Because of the foreign flag registry for Spirit of Ontario I , CATS was required to pay for pilotage services on every crossing (approx. $6000 per crossing). Canadian and U.S. registered vessels are exempt from requiring the services of pilots while navigating on the Great Lakes.
CATS declared bankruptcy in the fall of 2004 and Spirit of Ontario I was arrested by the United States Marshals Service for resale to pay creditors. The vessel remained tied up at the Rochester ferry terminal throughout the fall and winter of 2004-2005.
2005 service resumption
Toronto's permanent terminal for use by passenger/vehicle ferries and passenger cruise ships was completed in early 2005. The facility is located adjacent to the now-dismantled temporary terminal at the Cherry Street slip in Toronto's inner harbour. The Cherry Street slip location has proven to be controversial among Torontonians as it is located in a former industrial area approximately 2 kilometres southeast of the downtown and has no convenient public transit connections for pedestrians.
On February 28, 2005, US Marshals conducted a bankruptcy auction in Rochester for Spirit of Ontario I ; the winning bidder was the "Rochester Ferry Company LLC", a subsidiary of the city of Rochester with a reported bid of $32 million (USD). Rochester Fast Ferry Company LLC was successful in financing this bid through a loan from the Australian federal government.
Rochester Ferry Company LLC announced in April 2005 that Northumberland Ferries Limited, the parent company of Bay Ferries Limited, was selected to manage and operate the ferry service and vessel. NFL formed Bay Ferries Great Lakes Limited (BFGL) to operate the service. Rochester Ferry Company LLC also committed to reflagging Spirit of Ontario I from the Bahamas to the United States, in order to avoid paying the expensive pilotage fees accorded to non-US or Canadian registered vessels on the Great Lakes. As of December 2005, the vessel was still Bahamian flagged, pending the completion of training of an all-US crew; such training was anticipated to be completed within the next few months.
BFGL and Rochester Ferry Company LLC agreed upon two major projects relating to starting service with Spirit of Ontario I by June 17, 2005, namely:
- The vessel's 4 main engines built using an experimental design by MTU Friedrichshafen have proven to be troublesome, mostly since they were intended to be run for approximately 3 hours, before
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