Neck pain (or cervicalgia ) is a common problem, with two-thirds of the population having neck pain at some point in their lives.
Neck pain, although felt in the neck, can be caused by numerous other spinal issues. Neck pain may arise due to muscular tightness in both the neck and upper back, or pinching of the nerves eminating from the cervical vertebrae. Joint disruption in the neck creates pain, as does joint disruption in the upper back.
The head is supported by the lower neck and upper back, and it is these areas that commonly cause neck pain. The top three joints in the neck allow for most movement of your neck and head. The lower joints in the neck and those of the upper back create a supportive structure for your head to sit on. If this support system is affected adversly, then the muscles in the area will tighten, leading to neck pain.
Neck pain may also arise from many other physical and emotional health issues.
Neck Pain Causes
Neck pain may come from any of the structures in the neck including: vascular, nerve, airway, digestive, and musculature / skeletal or be referred from other areas of the body.
Major and severe causes of neck pain include:
- Carotid artery dissection
- Referred pain from acute coronary syndrome
- Infections: retropharyngeal abscesses, epiglottitis, etc.
- Spondylosis - degenerative arthritis and osteophytes
- Spinal stenosis – a narrowing of the spinal canal
- Spinal disc herniation – protruding or bulging discs, or if severe prolapse.
The more common and lesser neck pain causes include:
- Stress – physical and emotional stresses
- Prolonged postures – many people fall asleep on sofas and chairs and wake with sore necks
- Minor injuries and falls – car accidents, sporting events and day to day minor injuries
- Referred pain – mostly from upper back problems
- Over-use – muscular strain is one of the most common causes
- Whiplash
Although the causes are numerous, most are easily rectified by either professional help or using self help advice and techniques.
More causes Are below:-
Poor sleeping posture, Torticollis, Head injury, Rheumatoid arthritis, Carotidynia, Congenital cervical rib, Mononucleosis, Rubella, Certain cancers, Ankylosing spondylitis, Cervical spine fracture, Esophageal trauma, Subarachnoid hemorrhage, Lymphadenitis, Thyroid trauma, Tracheal trauma,
Treatment
Treatment of neck pain depends on the cause. Many acute problems in the spine/neck generally resolve themselves in as little as a few days to a few months. Persistant problems involving the cervical spine should be evaluated by a health care practitioner. Common treatments could include medication, body mechanics training, ergonomic reform, or physical therapy.
Medication
Analgesics such as acetaminophen or NSAIDs are recommended for pain. Other medications like muscle relaxants such as orphenadrine or tzigandizine are more of help. Over the counter topical creams and patches containing counterirritants are often used. However, there is little evidence to support efficacy.
Conservative treatment
Mobilization and/or manipulation plus exercise has been found to be beneficial in both acute and chronic mechanical neck disorders.
Neck pain can be treated by numerous approaches. They range in complexity depending on the severity and underlying causes of the pain. Treatment is administered by chiropractic, osteopathic and physical therapy. The benefit of mobilization and joint manipulation alone is not clear. Neck pain can also be eased via many self help techniques such as stretching and strength building exercises.
The use of heat or cold may provide short term pain relief. Ultrasound has been shown not to be efficacious.
Surgery
Surgery is usually not indicated for most mechanical causes of neck pain. If neck pain is the result of instability, cancer, or other disease process surgery may be necessary. Surgery is usually not indicated for "pinched nerves" or herniated discs unless there is spinal cord compression or pain and disability have been protracted for many months and refractory to conservative treatment such as physical therapy.
Prognosis
About one-half of episodes resolve within one year. About 10% of cases become chronic.
References
- ^ a b c Binder AI (2007). "Cervical spondylosis and neck pain". BMJ 334 (7592): 527–31. doi: 10.1136/bmj.39127.608299.80 . PMID 17347239.
- ^ Amal Mattu; Deepi Goyal; Barrett, Jeffrey W.; Joshua Broder; DeAngelis, Michael; Peter Deblieux; Gus M. Garmel; Richard Harrigan; David Karras; Anita L'Italien; David Manthey (2007). Emergency medicine: avoiding the pitfalls and improving the outcomes . Malden, Mass: Blackwell Pub./BMJ Books. pp. 46. ISBN 1-4051-4166-2.
- ^ Amal Mattu; Deepi Goyal; Barrett, Jeffrey W.; Joshua Broder; DeAngelis, Michael; Peter Deblieux; Gus M. Garmel; Richard Harrigan; David Karras; Anita L'Italien; David Manthey (2007). Emergency medicine: avoiding the pitfalls and improving the outcomes . Malden, Mass: Blackwell Pub./BMJ Books. pp. 47. ISBN 1-4051-4166-2.
- ^ "UpToDate Inc." . http://www.uptodate.com/online/content/topic.do?topicKey=spinaldi/6765&selectedTitle=2~143&source=search_result#28 .
- ^ "BestBets: Manipulation and/or exercise for neck pain?" . http://www.bestbets.org/bets/bet.php?id=857 .
- ^ a b Gross AR, Hoving JL, Haines TA, et al. (2004). "Manipulation and mobilization for mechanical neck disorders". Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online) (1): CD004249. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004249.pub2 . PMID 14974063.
- ^ Hoving JL, Koes BW, de Vet HC, et al. (2002). "Manual therapy, physical therapy, or continued care by a general practitioner for patients with
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