Fur clothing is clothing made entirely of, or partially of, the fur of animals. Fur is one of the oldest forms of clothing, thought widely used as hominids first expanded outside of Africa. Some view fur as luxurious; others reject it due to animal welfare and ethical concerns. The term 'a fur' is often used to refer to a coat, wrap, or shawl made from the fur of animals.

History and use

Fur is generally thought to have been among the first materials used for clothing and bodily decoration. The exact date when fur was first used in clothing is debated. It is known that several species of hominoids including Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis used fur clothing.

Fur is still worn in most countries and may be associated with lavish spending, although an increasing number of consumers and designers reject fur because of cruelty. Fur is still used by indigenous people and underdeveloped societies, due to its availability and insulation properties. The Inuit peoples of the Arctic relied on fur for most of their clothing, and it also forms a part of traditional Russian, Scandinavian and Japanese clothing.

Fur has become the focus of boycotts and popular scorn on the grounds that it is both cruel and unnecessary. PETA, along with other animal welfare organizations, celebrities, and ethicists, have called attention to the cruelty of fur farming. Fur farming is increasingly seen as inherently cruel due to anal and genital electrocution, improper shelter, malnutrition, and other common practices in the industry.

Animal furs used in garments and trim may be dyed bright colors or with patterns, often to mimic exotic animal pelts: alternatively they may be left their original pattern and color. Fur may be shorn down to imitate the feel of velvet, creating a fabric called shearling.

Sources

Common animal sources for fur clothing and fur trimmed accessories include fox, rabbit, mink, beaver, stoat (ermine), otter, sable, seals, cats, dogs, coyotes, chinchilla, and possum. Some of these are more highly prized than others, and there are many grades and colors.

Processing of fur

The manufacturing of fur clothing involves obtaining animal pelts where the hair is left on. Fur processing involves an array of chemicals from soaking and degreasing agents, to enzymes, oils and greases, bleaches, dyes, reinforcing agents, toners, tanning and finishing chemicals. Workers exposed to dust created during fur processing have been shown to have reduced pulmonary function in direct proportion to their length of exposure.

In contrast, leather made from any animal hide involves removing the fur from the skin and using only the tanned skin. The use of wool involves shearing the animal's hair from the living animal, so that the wool can be regrown. Fake fur or "faux fur" designates any synthetic material, produced from oil, that attempts to mimic the appearance and feel of real fur.

The chemical treatment of fur to increase its felting quality is known as carroting, as the process tends to turn the tips of the fur a yellowish-red "carrot like" color.

A furrier is a person who makes, repairs, alters, cleans, or otherwise deals in furs of animals.

Anti-fur campaigns

Main article: Fur farming

Anti-fur campaigns reached a peak in the 1980s and 1990s, with the participation of numerous celebrities.

Animal rights advocates object to the trapping and killing of wildlife, and to the confinement and killing of animals on fur farms due to concerns about the animals' welfare, suffering, and death in general.

Some animal rights groups have disrupted fur fashion shows with protests while others sponsor anti-fur poster contests and fashion shows featuring faux furs or other alternatives to fur clothing. These groups sponsor "Compassionate Fashion Day" on the third Saturday of August to promote their anti-fur message. Other groups participate in "Fur Free Friday", an event held annually on the Friday after Thanksgiving that occurs globally with the intent to bring the issue of fur to light through educational displays, protests and other methods of campaigning.

In Canada, opposition to the annual seal hunt is viewed as an anti-fur issue, although the Humane Society of the United States claims that its opposition is to "the largest slaughter of marine mammals on Earth." IFAW, an anti-sealing group, claims that Canada has an "abysmal record of enforcement" of anti-cruelty laws surrounding the hunt although a Canadian government survey indicated that two thirds of Canadians supported the hunting of seals if the regulations under Canadian law are enforced.

Products from all marine mammals, even from non-threatened populations and regulated hunts, such as the Canadian seal hunt, are banned in the United States.

Fur trade

Main article: Fur trade

The fur trade is the worldwide buying and selling of fur for clothing and other purposes. The fur trade was one of the driving forces of exploration of North America and the Russian Far East.

References

  1. ^ , "Fur-Free Designers and Retailers" July 31 , 2009 .
  2. ^ , "A Shocking Look Inside Chinese Fur Farms".
  3. ^ New Zealand turns a pest into luxury business
  4. ^ Fur Products
  5. ^ Pulmonary function in fur-processing workers: A dose-response relationship
  6. ^ I'd Rather Go Naked Than Wear Fur, accessed May 28, 2007.
  7. ^ U.S. Fur Retail Sales Still Edging Higher by FCUSA
  8. ^ Stop Canada's Cruel Seal Hunt
  9. ^ IFAW - Revisions to Seal Hunt Regulations Meaningless Without Enforcement, Consistency: IFAW.
  10. ^ 2000 Canadian Government survey, 2000
  11. Faux Fur Trimmed Jacket : Splendicity - Fashion Advice – Beauty Tips ...

    I know faux fur is all the rage this Winter season. There is just something about potentially wearing what looks to be my cat or dog around my chest that just hasn’t completely ...

    ...

    Faux Fur Jackets

    21 "Black Bears" (BB) Hooded Furs # 555 - Fur Trimmed Hooded Jackets "Black Faux Fur" (BKFF) "Twilight Moose" (TMP) ...

    ...

    Black Textured Faux Fur Jacket - Vintage clothing from Rokit - coat ...

    Black Textured Faux Fur Jacket Black, asymetric fastening jacket; with large variegated beuttons. Comes fully lined, with black fabric; button trimmed cuffs; and pockets

    ...

    Faux Fur Coats & Faux Fur Jackets by Fabulous-Furs

    faux fur coat, faux fur jacket, fake fur coat, fake fur jacket

    ...

    Nine West Faux-fur Trim Puffy Jacket ...

    Nine West® Faux-fur Trim Puffy Jacket ... A mix of down and feather filling gives this jacket outstanding warmth. With a faux-fur trimmed hood that feels ...

    ...

    KC Collections Girls Faux Fur-Trimmed Quilted Jacket - Coats & Cold ...

    Shop the latest KC Collections Girls Faux Fur-Trimmed Quilted Jacket online at Macys.com. With a fur-trimmed, zip-off hood, she'll love wearing this coat from KC Collections every ...

    ...

    Fur & Shearling Coats at ShopStyle

    Portrait Faux-Fur-Trimmed Hooded Faux-Shearling Walker Coat ... Truth & Pride 'Luca' Faux Fur Collar Leather Jacket

    ...

    Faux Leather & Fur Trimmed Jacket

    Stay warm and be fashionable this winter with our faux leather duster. Accented with faux fur on hood, cuffs, and front placket. Plus, it also features:

    ...

    Women's faux fur coats and jackets | Fabulous-Furs

    womens faux furs a complete line of faux fur coats jackets stollers and minks

    ...

    Faux-Fur Trimmed Suit

    Stylish godet back insets Stunning faux-fur trim Shaped ... Double-breasted jacket with tabbed elbow-length sleeves ... Women, Faux-Fur Trimmed Suit

    ...