Green Bay is a city in and the county seat of Brown County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin.
The city is located at the head of its namesake Green Bay, a sub-basin of Lake Michigan, at the mouth of the Fox River. It has an elevation of 581 feet (177 m) above sea level and is located 112 miles (180 km) north of Milwaukee. As of the 2000 census Green Bay had a population of 102,313. Its 2006 estimated census was 100,353. The Town of Green Bay is located several miles northeast of the city.
Green Bay is the principal city of the Green Bay Metropolitan Statistical Area, which covers Brown, Kewaunee, and Oconto Counties and had a combined population of 282,599 at the 2000 census.
Green Bay is an industrial city with several meatpacking and paper plants, and a port on the Bay of Green Bay, an arm of Lake Michigan. It is home to the National Railroad Museum; the Neville Public Museum with exhibitions of art, history, and science; and the University of Wisconsin–Green Bay.
The Green Bay Packers professional football team of the National Football League has been based in the city since 1919. Green Bay is by far the smallest market with an NFL team, although, since it is generally also preferred in the larger Milwaukee and Madison markets, it is not the smallest NFL market de facto. Green Bay is nicknamed "Titletown, USA" for the number of NFL titles (12) it has won over the years (including the first two Super Bowls and Super Bowl XXXI), more than any other team. The name appears on the city seal, is used by the Green Bay Chamber of Commerce for its web address (www.titletown.org) and variations of the word appear in the name of more than two dozen local businesses.
Green Bay was awarded the title of All-America City twice in the city's history, with the first award in 1964, and the second in 1999.
There is a free public Wi-Fi system in the downtown Green Bay Broadway District that went into operation in 2007.
History
Archaeological studies have shown that people lived in the Green Bay area before the first French settlers arrived. Animals that are common today in the thick woods of the Green Bay area also lived in the area long ago. They are mostly creatures with very long and thick coats, as it was necessary for survival in the cold winters. Along with mammals were also fish that are similar to the species found today in the waters around Green Bay.
Jean Nicolet was commissioned by New France’s founder, Samuel de Champlain to explore land that he had heard about, whose people referred to themselves as "People of the Sea". Champlain had also heard about resources in the area, including fertile soil, forests, and animals. Nicolet set out on his journey for this new land shortly before winter in 1634.
A small trading post, originally named La Baye or La Baie des Puants , was established by Nicolet at this location in 1634, making Green Bay the 13th oldest permanent settlement in America. When Nicolet arrived in the Green Bay area, the first group he encountered was one that spoke a Sioux language, the Ho-Chunk, also known as the Winnebago. “Besides hunting and fishing, the Winnebagos cultivated corn, bean, squash, and tobacco. Wild rice, a dietary staple, grew in abundance in the river and its tributaries, and was gathered along with nuts, berries, and edible roots of the woods." In this tribe there were distinguished and easily identified gender roles. The men typically hunted and fished for food, and the women cooked and prepared the furs of the dead animals for rugs, furniture and other uses around the house. Women were an important aspect of the political process, as no action could be taken without agreement of half of the women. Nicolet stayed with this tribe for about a year, becoming an ally, which helped open up opportunities for trade and commerce. He then returned to Quebec.
A few months after Nicolet returned from his quest, Champlain died. His death put a halt on journeys to the newly discovered land, La Baie Verte.
Nicolas Perrot was the next journeyman sent to La Baie by Pere Claude Allouez. After this, the French avoided the area because of the intensity of Indian and European wars. In 1671 a Jesuit Mission was set up in the area. A fort was added in 1717. The town was incorporated in 1754, and was passed to British control in 1761.
One of the first permanent French settlers was Charles de Langlade and his family, who moved to Green Bay in 1765, becoming the first permanent settlers in Wisconsin. Langlade, called the "Father of Wisconsin", was a half-French Ottawa war chief who is credited with planning the ambush of British General Braddock and George Washington in the French and Indian War. The Grignons, Porliers and Lawes who followed brought Canadian-French culture with them. Colorful "jack-knife Judge" Reaume dispensed British justice in the territory.” These early French settlers set the tone for the remainder who came to the area.
The Green Bay area was still under British control until years after the end of the Revolutionary War, even after America had gained its independence. "Doty, Whitney, Arndt, Baird and Martin were among the American settlers who pushed French culture into the background following the American establishment of Fort Howard in 1816." As British settlers in the area came to outnumber the French, the name "Green Bay" (from the French: Baie Verte ) became the more common name for the town. In 1783 the town became part of the United States of America. The United States Army built Fort Howard on the banks of the Fox River in 1816.
Before Wisconsin became a state in 1848, the majority of commerce had to do with fur trading. After statehood, there was a shift away from fur trading toward lumbering. "For a short time in 1860s and 1870s, iron smelting in charcoal kilns rivaled the timber industry while the port handled increasing amounts of fuel, feed, and lumber. Today's major local industry had its start in 1895 when the first paper mill was built."
Wisconsin's first newspaper, The Green Bay Intelligencer , was first published in 1833. The borough of Green Bay was created in 1838 and is the main center of the current city. By 1850 the town had a population of 1,923. The town was incorporated as the city of Green Bay, joining several small towns including Navarino, Astor (created by John Jacob Astor) and Fort Howard in 1854. The Green Bay Area Public School District was founded in 1856.
The 1850s brought much change to the city of Green Bay when other groups started immigrating to the area. That decade brought an influx of Belgian, German, Scandinavian, Irish and Dutch immigrants as word spread of America's cheap land and good soil. The greatest concentration of newcomers came from Belgium. They cleared the land to farm and build their homes.
The railroad arrived in the 1860s. Chicago and Northwestern Railroad companies were formed, which allowed people and products to travel all over the state, increasing business and trade opportunities. The area was able to grow and enrich itself with the use of the river and the plentiful timber resources. This led to the paper industry becoming the major employer in Green Bay, and opened up the port for international trade.
In 1934, President Franklin D. Roosevelt came to Green Bay to honor its tricentennial. By 1950 the city had a population of 52,735. In 1964, the Town of Preble was consolidated with the city of Green Bay.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 54.3 square miles (140.7 ]), of which 43.9 square miles (113.6 km 2 ) is land and 10.4 square miles (27.1 km 2 ) is water. The total area is 86.59% water.
Climate
Main article: Climate of Green Bay, WisconsinThe city of Green Bay has a continental climate, moderated slightly by the city's proximity to Lake Michigan. The city's climate features four distinct seasons, with warm, frequently hot summers and long, cold and snowy winters. The variance in temperature and precipitation between months is severe and often extreme. The warmest month is July, when the average high temperature is 81°F (27°C). During July, the average low temperature is 59°F (15°C). The coldest month of the year is January, when the high temperature averages only 24°F (−4°C), and the low temperatures average 7°F (−14°C).
The wettest month in Green Bay is August, when 3.77 inches (95.8 mm) of precipitation falls, mostly in the form of rainfall from thunderstorms. The driest month in Green Bay is February, when the majority of precipitation falls as low moisture-content snow due to cold, dry air. On average, 1.01 inches (25.7 mm) of precipitation falls in February.
Transportation
The majority of the people in Green Bay use cars. The city was the headquarters of the Green Bay and Western Railroad from 1896 to 1993. After the GB&W quit, the line was purchased by Wisconsin Central Transportation. In 2001, the WC was merged into the Canadian National system. The Chicago and North Western Railway also s
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