The San Diego – Tijuana metropolitan area is the name of an urban agglomeration surrounding the cities of San Diego, California, United States and Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. The region consists of San Diego County in the United States and the municipalities of Tijuana, Playas de Rosarito, and Tecate in Mexico. The total population of the region has been estimated to be just over 5 million in 2009, making it the largest bi-national metropolitan area shared between the United States and Mexico.Geography
Both San Diego and Tijuana are situated along the Pacific Coast and on the border between United States and Mexico. The metropolitan area lies just south of Orange County, West of Imperial County, and shares borders with Greater Los Angeles. To the East of Tijuana, lies the large city of Mexicali who shares another cross-border metropolitan area with Imperial Valley Communities. To the South of Tijuana lies the cities of Playas de Rosarito and Ensenada. Ensenada is sometimes considered part of the Metropolitan area. The urbanized area where San Diego and Tijuana meet is called San Ysidro on the American side of the border and Colonia Federal/Colonia Libertad on the Mexican side. Further east, the Mexican delegaciones of Mesa de Otay and Centenario are heavy urbanized whereas the corresponding American area of Otay Mesa primarily has dispersed industrial and distribution facilities with scattered strip malls. The area where the Pacific Ocean meets the border is only urbanized on the Mexican side of the border as the American side of the border is a park containing the estuary of the Tijuana River.
San Diego County
Main article: San Diego County#GeographyFile:Snowplow SanDiegoCounty.jpgSan Diego County , has a varied topography. On its western side is seventy miles of coastline. Snow-capped mountains rise to the east side of the county, with the Sonoran Desert to the far east. The Cleveland National Forest is in the northeast portion of the county. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 4,526 square miles (11,720 km 2 ), of that 4,200 square miles (10,878 km 2 ) of it is land and 843 km² 326 square miles (844 km 2 ) of it (7.20%) is water.
San Diego is located at 32°42′N 117°09′W / 32.7°N 117.15°W / 32.7; -117.15 , just north of Tijuana. San Diego has deep canyons separating its mesas, creating small pockets of natural parkland scattered throughout the city. This makes San Diego a hilly city.Downtown San Diego is located on the San Diego Bay, It is surrounded by several dense urban communities and abruptly ends in Hillcrest to the north. The Coronado and Point Loma peninsulas separate San Diego Bay from the ocean. Ocean Beach is on the west side of Point Loma. Mission Beach and Pacific Beach lie between the ocean and Mission Bay, a man-made aquatic park. La Jolla lies north of Pacific Beach. Mountains rise to the east of the city, and beyond the mountains are desert areas. Numerous farms are found in the valleys northeast and southeast of the city. San Diego County has more endangered plant and animal species (as determined by United States Environmental Protection Agency) than any other county in the United States.
Urban communities of San Diego County
Main article: Urban Communities of San Diego CountySan Diego County features many urban communities that are mainly situated on the south side of Interstate 8.
Tijuana
Main article: Tijuana#GeographyTijuana is located at 32°31′N 117°01′W / 32.517°N 117.017°W / 32.517; -117.017 , just south of San Diego. The city stretches eastward from the intersection of the Mexico/U.S. border with the Pacific Ocean and follows the course of the Tijuana River Valley. The terrain is extremely varied, including flood plains, canyons, steep hills, and mesas. The adjacent city and formerly part of Tijuana is Playas de Rosarito, which became independent in 1995. The city is divided into nine administrative boroughs ( delegaciones , in Spanish), which are in turn divided into colonias. These boroughs offer administrative services such as urban planning, civil registry, inspection, verification, public works and community development and are served by a delegado . Because Tijuana is more important in the Mexican urban hierarchy than San Diego is in the American urban hierarchy (and does not suffer from competition from a larger urban center as San Diego does from Los Angeles), Tijuana contains many foreign embassies and consulates including those of China, Korea, Finland, the United States, Germany, Spain, Honduras, France, Austria, Gambia, the United Kingdom, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Israel, Canada, and the Czech Republic. Population density is much higher in the immediate border area in Mexico that it is in the United States. Urban growth is currently to the east and south of Tijuana where developers are building many new residential communities.
Major cities
US-Mexico border
Main article: Mexico – United States borderThe international border between the United States and Mexico runs from San Diego-Tijuana eastward towards The Gulf of Mexico. The border's total length is 1,951 miles (3,141 km). The border was established at its present location (except in Arizona) in accordance with the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, which ended the Mexican-American War of 1846. (The Arizona section of the border was adjusted in 1853 by the Gadsden Purchase.) The Pacific Ocean terminus of the border was defined as a line passing from the confluence of the Colorado and Gila rivers (now the southeastern corner of the U.S. State of California) to the Pacific Ocean such that it would pass one Spanish league south of the southern end of San Diego Bay. This ensured that the United States received the excellent natural harbor at San Diego.
The San Ysidro border crossing (San Diego–Tijuana) is the busiest border crossing in the world.; in 2005 alone, 41,417,164 people entered the U.S. through this port. There are 24 vehicle border crossing lanes at the San Ysidro Port of Entry into the United States and 6 or 8 lanes into Mexico from San Ysidro. The great majority of border crossers into the United States are workers (both of Mexican and U.S. nationality) commuting from Tijuana to jobs in the greater San Diego area and throughout southern California. There is also a thriving reverse traffic for those seeking entertainment in Tijuana, or purchasing services (vehicle repairs, hair and beauty services, childcare, medical and dental) that are generally more affordable there. Crossing times are notoriously slow at San Ysidro, particularly for those entering the U.S. in cars. Crossing into Mexico also has many delays, especially in the evenings. For this reason many cross on foot, the line for which is frequently much faster than the vehicle line. Some foot travelers own a car in each country, and store them in one of the large parking lots located near the border post, or use the respective public transportation systems of both cities (both systems have a bus station built solely to serve the border crossing point, and the San Diego Trolley runs from downtown San Diego to the border crossing). Currently, the San Ysidro port of entry serves non-commercial traffic while Otay Mesa handles both industrial and non-commercial traffic.
Transportation
Public transportation
Further information: Public transportation in San Diego CountyIn San Diego, the San Diego Trolley's Blue Line goes from the San Ysidro Border Crossing, roughly along Interstate 5 to Downtown and Old Town (also serving the southern suburbs on the way). Passengers may transfer (at the 12th & Imperial station) to an Orange Line trolley (serving the eastern suburbs) or (at the Old Town Trolley Station) to a Green Line trolley (serving Mission Valley and the campus of San Diego State University).
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