A Video Relay Service (VRS) is a videotelecommunication service that allows deaf, hard-of-hearing and speech-impaired (D-HOH-SI) individuals to communicate over video telephones (and similar technologies) with hearing people in real-time, via a sign language interpreter.
A similar video interpreting service called Video Remote Interpreting (VRI) is conducted through a different organization often called a 'Video Interpreting Service Provider' (VISP). VRS is a newer form of telecommunication service to the D-HOH-SI community, which had, in the United States, started earlier in 1974 using a simpler non-video technology called Telecommunications Relay Service, also known as 'TRS', or simply as 'Relay Service'.
VRS services have become well developed in the United States since the first decade of the 2000's. With the exception of Sweden, VRS has been provided in Europe for only a few years. Most European countries still lack the legislation or the financing for large-scale VRS services, and for also providing the necessary telecommunication equipment to deaf users. Germany and the Nordic countries are among the other leaders in Europe.
One of the first demonstrations of the ability for telecommunications to help sign language users communicate with each other occurred when AT&T's videophone (trademarked as the 'Picturephone') was introduced to the public at the 1964 New York World's Fair –two deaf users were able to freely communicate with each other between the fair and another city. Various other organizations have also conducted research on signing via videotelephony.
Using such video equipment, the deaf, hard-of-hearing and speech-impaired can communicate between themselves and with hearing individuals using sign language. The United States and several other countries compensate companies to provide 'Video Relay Services' (VRS). Telecommunication equipment can be used to talk to others via a sign language interpreter, who uses a conventional telephone at the same time to communicate with the deaf person's party. Video equipment is also used to do on-site sign language translation via Video Remote Interpreting (VRI). The relative low cost and widespread availability of 3G mobile phone technology with video calling capabilities have given deaf and speech-impaired users a greater ability to communicate with the same ease as others. Some wireless operators have even started free sign language gateways.
Sign language interpretation services via VRS or by VRI are useful in the present-day where one of the parties is deaf, hard-of-hearing or speech-impaired (mute). In such cases the interpretation flow is normally within the same principal language, such as French Sign Language (FSL) to spoken French, Spanish Sign Language (SSL) to spoken Spanish, British Sign Language (BSL) to spoken English, and American Sign Language (ASL) also to spoken English (since BSL and ASL are completely distinct), etc.... Multilingual sign language interpreters, who can also translate as well across principal languages (such as to and from SSL, to and from spoken English), are also available, albeit less frequently. Such activities involve considerable effort on the part of the translator, since sign languages are distinct natural languages with their own construction, semantics and syntax, different from the aural version of the same principal language.
With video interpreting, sign language interpreters work remotely with live video and audio feeds, so that the interpreter can see the deaf or mute party, and converse with the hearing party, and vice versa. Much like telephone interpreting, video interpreting can be used for situations in which no on-site interpreters are available. However, video interpreting cannot be used for situations in which all parties are speaking via telephone alone. VRI and VRS interpretation requires all parties to have the necessary equipment. Some advanced equipment enables interpreters to remotely control the video camera, in order to zoom in and out or to point the camera toward the party that is signing.
Canada
Canada's's regulatory Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) issued a policy order on 21 July 2009 requiring Canadian telecommunication, wireless service, and VoIP providers to implement IP-based video relay services by 21 July 2010, its first such services. According to deaf-community organizations Canada has lagged frustratingly far behind its neighbour, the United States, in respect to video relay service for the deaf and speech-impaired.
Denmark
Denmark's video relay service is currently provided by TegnKom, and only to deaf people at their workplace.
France
There are three VRS's in France. Viable France was established in 2008 to provide VRS and VRI service in France. France has legislated into a law the establishment of three VRS call centres to serve deaf and hard-of-hearing French consumers. A distinction of Viable France is the sales and distribution of its own videophone product that was fully developed and engineered by the deaf engineers at Viable, Inc.
VisiO08 is a set of services designed by WebSourd. On the phone, in interview or in meeting, VisiO08 enables deaf, hard of hearing and hearing people to communicate in sign language, spoken language and writing.
Tadeo was the first communication platform created used between hearing, deaf and hard of hearing persons in a professional environment; it offers a French Sign Language interpretation service, in Cued Speech, and live Transcription, remotely and real-time.
Germany
Tess and TeleSign are two VRS providers in Germany. Tess was awarded the contract for providing the national text and video relay. Users contribute with a limited monthly subscription rates, while TeleSign is pay-per-use. Both rely heavily on grant funds awarded to the deaf employees by the integration agency.
Tess has won the contract for providing video and text relay services in Germany, awarded by the Telecom Regulator. Funds are provided by all telecom operators, who pay into a national fund.
Norway
NAV, which is Norway's national insurance company, provides the national relay service for Norway. The service started in 2008, and its usage is increasing.
Sweden
Sweden was the first country in the world to implement a public VRS fully subsidized by the government. The service started as a pilot project in 1996 for ISDN videophones, but started to offer SIP-based services in 2003. Currently the Swedish video relay service is the largest in Europe with an average of 135,000 calls every year.
There is one national service for the country, which is procured by bids to the National Telecom and Postal Agency (PTS) every four years. Customers may download a video software application from the service provider, but more often the government provides the deaf community with videophones. These are also subsidized through the Swedish tax system.
United Kingdom
Significan't (UK) Ltd, a deaf and sign language led social enterprise, was the first to establish an IP Video Relay Service in 2004 in London. SignVideo Contact Centre, which employ only qualified and registered sign language interpreters and which processed its 10,000th video call in 2006, secured national contracts with Access to Work and the National Health Services to provide Video Remote Interpreting services throughout the UK. In 2010 Significan't introduced the iSignVideo range of videophones and a web-based video calling service, the SignVideo SV2.
United States
In the United States, VRS services have been regulated by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) since 2002.
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