A retirement community , or active adult community , is a very broad, generic term that covers many varieties of housing for retirees and seniors - especially designed or geared for people who no longer work, or restricted to those over a certain age. It differs from a retirement home which is a single building or small complex where no "common areas" for socializing exist. Many retirement communities are planned for that purpose, and have special facilities catering to the needs and wants of retirees, including extensive amenities like clubhouses, swimming pools, arts and crafts, boating, trails, golf courses, active adult retail and on-site medical facilities. Other facilities have no or very few common amenities. An Age-restricted community generally requires at least one household resident to be 55 plus years of age or older (occasionally 50+ or 60+ years of age). Retirement communities are often built in warm climates, and are common in Arizona, California, Florida and Texas but are increasingly being built in and around major cities throughout the nation.
Naturally Occurring Retirement Communities (NORCs) can involve low-income residents receiving a richer mix of public services through a NORC model. They might serve people of all income levels who got together to furnish cost-effective transportation services. And there are NORCs for relatively affluent households that may charge $1,000 or even more in annual dues, and support paid and volunteer staffers who provide a rich variety of support services and cultural enrichment activities. NORCs can be very effective mechanisms to identify populations of people who need government-provided services and then provide those services in cost-effective ways. An example would be Beacon Hill Village in Boston provide support and resources for those who do not want to leave their current neighborhoods. Another term may be used for a predominantly senior citizen community, in which residence is unrestricted by age and job affiliation.
There are really three broad categories of retirement communities:
- ACTIVE communities (all residential units, no long-term healthcare facilities - also known as "independent living communities"
- ACTIVE/SUPPORTIVE communities (a combination of residential and healthcare facilities - also known as "continuing care retirement communities" - CCRC)
- SUPPORTIVE communities (all longterm healthcare units, like assisted living facilities or nursing homes)
A number of publishers have created lists of the 100 best retirement communities or "100 best places (or towns) to retire" . For the most part these lists are helpful in terms of finding desirable communities to live in. One drawback to these lists is that these communities often become more expensive as a result of their popularity.
Retirement communities in the United States
So far 6 U.S. states have created Certified Retirement Community programs with approximately 70 towns and communities included (see list). The obvious purpose of these programs is to encourage economic development - retirement, particularly baby boomer retirement - is very big business. States seek to encourage retirement in their states; keeping existing residents and encouraging out of state residents to move to a new state. Bill Haas of the University of North Carolina's Institute for the Future of Retirement estimates that the economic impact of a retiree household moving to a state is the equivalent of 1.4 factory jobs.
The six states that have publicized their certification programs are:
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Mississippi
- Tennessee has a program that promotes retirement in select communities in that state; the program is called "Retire Tennessee".
- Texas
- West Virginia(West Virginia calls its program a "Designated Retirement Community".
Arizona
- Circle City
- Green Valley
- Rio Verde
- Sun City
- Sun City Grand
- Sun City West
- Trilogy at Vistancia in Peoria, Arizona
- Encanterra in San Tan Valley, Arizona
Arkansas
- Hot Springs Village
California
- Leisure World in Seal Beach, California
- Rossmoor, Walnut Creek, California
Connecticut
- Heritage Village
Florida
- Century Village
- Lehigh Acres
- Penney Farms
- Sun City Center
- The Villages
Maryland
- Leisure World
New Jersey
- Cedar Glen in Manchester Township
- Crestwood Village in Manchester Township
- Holiday City in Berkeley Township
- Leisure Village in Lakewood Township
- Leisuretowne in Southampton Township
- Pine Ridge in Manchester Township
- Rossmoor, Clearbrook, Concordia, and Whittingham in Monroe Township
North Carolina
- Carolina Meadows Located in Chapel Hill, NC which is the home of UNC hospital and neighboring Duke Hospital. Carolina Meadows is one of the leading retirement communities in the Southeast. Carolina Meadows is a Continuing Care Retirement Community (CCRC)
Pennsylvania
- Garden Spot Village
Some non-US retirement communities
New Zealand
Selwyn Village, Auckland, is run by an Anglican Church Trust. It includes self-contained houses and apartments, bed-sits, and a hospital.
, Cambridge, Waikato is owned and operated by the Neil Group. It specialises in high quality independent living villas.
Spain
Villamartin Hills - Retirement Accommodation and Retirement Living for the Over 55’s in the Spanish Retirement community.
United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom retirement villages are becoming more and more prevalent. According to a recent BBC report (Aug 2009) there are approximately 25,000 people across the UK now living within a retirement village model .
Models do vary - from local authority funded and charitable schemes such as Hartrigg Oaks in York led by the Joseph Rowntree Trust through to privately-funded projects such as Roseland Parc in Cornwall by Retirement Villages Ltd.
The latter opened their first scheme in the UK over 25 years ago so the model is not so new to the UK as people think. There is now an umbrella organisation called the Association of Retirement Village Operators UK (ARVOUK) working to collaborate thinking and best practice in this popular retirement homes market .
See also
- Age-restricted community
- Eldercare
References
US News and World Report - Is a Naturally Occurring Retirement Community Right for you?
- ^ (April 2009)"Retirement Communities Terms". Retirement Community . April 2009 . http://www.retirementcommunity.com/Retirement-Communities-Terms.php . Retrieved 2009-04-11 .
- ^ (February 2006)"Aging at Home: For a Lucky Few...". New York Times . February 2006 . http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/09/garden/09care.html? . Retrieved 2008-11-14 .
- ^ (October 2007)"100 Best Places to Retire". Topretirements . October 2007 . http://www.topretirements.com/communities/100_best_places_to_retire.html . Retrieved 2007-12-10 .
- ^ (July 2008)"At Last: A List of Certified Retirement Communities". Topretirements . July 2008 . http://www.topretirements.com/blog/great-towns/at-last-a-list-of-certified-retirement-communities.html/ . Retrieved 2008-07-18 .
- ^ (2006)"Dept. for Aging and Independent Living Retirement Communities". Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services . Kentucky.gov. 2006. Archived from the original on 2007-06-25 . http://chf
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