Primary education is the first stage of compulsory education. It is preceded by pre-school or nursery education and is followed by secondary education. In North America this stage of education is usually known as elementary education .
In most countries, it is compulsory for children to receive primary education, though in many jurisdictions it is permissible for parents to provide it. The transition to secondary school or high school is somewhat arbitrary, but it generally occurs at about eleven or twelve years of age. Some educational systems have separate middle schools with the transition to the final stage of education taking place at around the age of fourteen.
The major goals of primary education are achieving basic literacy and numeracy amongst all pupils, as well as establishing foundations in science, geography, history, math, and other social sciences. The relative priority of various areas, and the methods used to teach them, are an area of considerable political debate.
Typically, primary education is provided in schools, where the child will stay in steadily advancing classes until they complete it and move on to high school/secondary school. Children are usually placed in classes with one teacher who will be primarily responsible for their education and welfare for that year. This teacher may be assisted to varying degrees by specialist teachers in certain subject areas, often music or physical education. The continuity with a single teacher and the opportunity to build up a close relationship with the class is a notable feature of the primary education system.
Traditionally, various forms of corporal punishment have been an integral part of early education. Recently this practice has come under attack, and in many cases been outlawed, especially in Western countries.
Albania
Australia
Primary
- Kindergarten: 4-5 year olds
- Preparatory / Reception / Kindergarten (QLD, NSW,VIC and ACT): 5-6 year olds
- Year 1: 6-7 year olds
- Year 2: 7-8 year olds
- Year 3: 8-9 year olds
- Year 4: 9-10 year olds
- Year 5: 10-11 year olds
- Year 6: 11-12 year olds
- Year 7: 12-13 year olds (WA, SA, QLD)
Brazil
Primary
- Year 1: 6 year olds (former pre-school)
- Year 2: 7 year olds
- Year 3: 8 year olds
- Year 4: 9 year olds
- Year 5: 10 year olds
- Year 6: 11 year olds
- Year 7: 12 year olds
- Year 8: 13 year olds
- Year 9: 14 year olds
Burma
Canada
- Kindergarten (Ages 5–6) students in the Prairie Provinces are not required by statute to attend kindergarten.
- Grade 1 (Ages 6–7)
- Grade 2 (Ages 7–8)
- Grade 3 (Ages 8–9)
- Grade 4 (Ages 9–10)
- Grade 5 (Ages 10–11)
- Grade 6 (Ages 11–12)
Denmark
In Denmark, 9 years of primary school ( Folkeskole ) are compulsory.
Kindergarten (optional): 6–7 years
- 1st grade: 7–8 years
- 2nd grade: 8–9 years
- 3rd grade: 9–10 years
- 4th grade: 10–11 years
- 5th grade: 11–12 years
- 6th grade: 12–13 years
- 7th grade: 13–14 years
- 8th grade: 14–15 years
- 9th grade: 15–16 years
10th grade (optional): 16–17 years
Finland
9 years of primary school (Peruskoulu) are compulsory.
Kindergarten (optional): 6–7 years
- 1st grade: 7–8 years
- 2nd grade: 8–9 years
- 3rd grade: 9–10 years
- 4th grade: 10–11 years
- 5th grade: 11–12 years
- 6th grade: 12–13 years
- 7th grade: 13–14 years
- 8th grade: 14–15 years
- 9th grade: 15–16 years
10th grade (optional): 16–17 years
France
- Nursery:Petite Section (3 years old)
- Reception:Moyenne Section (4 years old)
- Year 1:Grande Section (5 years old)
- Year 2:CP (cours préparatoire)(6 years old)
- Year 3:CE1 (cours élémentaire 1)(7 years old)
- Year 4:CE2 (cours élémentaire 2)(8 years old)
- Year 5:CM1 (cours moyen 1)(9 years old)
- Year 6:CM2 (cours moyen 2)(10 years old)
Germany
The first school for German children is called de:Grundschule. It takes usually four years, the pupils are between six and ten years old. The education consists of learning to read, write, basic math and general knowledge. In some schools, a first foreign language is introduced, usually English. In the final year of primary school, children receive a recommendation as to which further school they can attend.
Hungary
Primary School education for children in Hungary takes 8 years.
- 1st grade: 6–7 years
- 2nd grade: 7–8 years
- 3rd grade: 8–9 years
- 4th grade: 9–10 years
- 5th grade: 10–11 years
- 6th grade: 11–12 years
- 7th grade: 12–13 years
- 8th grade: 13–14 years
India
The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) is the apex body for school education in India. The NCERT provides support and technical assistance to a number of schools in India and oversees many aspects of enforcement of education policies. In India, the various bodies governing school education system are:
- The state government boards, in which the majority of Indian children are enrolled.
- The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) board.
- The Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE) board.
- The National Institute of Open Schooling.
- International schools affiliated to the International Baccalaureate Programme and/or the Cambridge International Examinations.
- Islamic Madrasah schools, whose boards are controlled by local state governments, or autonomous, or affiliated with Darul Uloom Deoband.
- Autonomous schools like Woodstock School, Auroville, Patha Bhavan and Ananda Marga Gurukula.
Iran
Israel
Ireland
Primary school teaching in Republic of Ireland consists of 8 class levels. These are:
- Junior Infants (4–5 years)
- Senior Infants (5–6 years)
- 1st class (6–7 years)
- 2nd class (7–8 years)
- 3rd class (8–9 years)
- 4th class (9–10 years)
- 5th class (10–11 years)
- 6th class (11–12 years)
Junior and Senior infants correspond to Kindergarten.
The subjects mainly taught in primary school are:
- English
- Maths
- Gaeilge
- History
- Geography
- Science
- PE (Physical Education),
- Art
- Drama
- Music
- SPHE (Social, Personal, Health Education),
- Religion
The content of the Religion course taught depends on the management of the school. Many schools are managed and owned by the Roman Catholic Church, with a lesser number belonging to the Church of Ireland and a handful run by other religions such as Muslims, or to a new group called "Educate Together" which advocates a neutral approach to religion. Each school body decides on the emphasis of its religious instruction. In Catholic schools 2nd and 6th class prepare children for Holy Communion and Confirmation respectively. In the Church of Ireland this preparation is done when the pupil is aged about 14 years, and is in secondary school.
Children may start at primary school at any age between four and six years of age. Most children finish primary school at or around twelve years of age.
Italy
Primary school teaching in Italy consists of 5 grades. Before the First Grade, there is the kindergarten ( scuola materna in Italian), but it's not compulsory
Elementary
First Grade (6–7 years)
Second Grade (7–8 years)
Third Grade (8–9 years)
Fourth Grade (9–10 years)
Fifth Grade (10–11 years)Schools used to have a six day school week, Monday to Saturday. Lately, as of 2008, most elementary and middle schools have reduced the school week to five days, with high schools remaining with six.
Japan
Morocco
Singapore
Primary education in Singapore, normally starting at age six, is a four-year foundation stage (Primary 1 to 4) and a two-year orientation stage (Primary 5 to 6). Primary education is compulsory and free, though there is a fee of up to SGD 13 monthly per student to help cover miscellaneous costs.
During the foundation stage,
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